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Neuromorphic computing and, in particular, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become an attractive alternative to deep neural networks for a broad range of signal processing applications, processing static and/or temporal inputs from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Souvik Kundu , Rui-Jie Zhu , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Peter A. Beerel

The machine learning community has become increasingly interested in the energy efficiency of neural networks. The Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is a promising approach to energy-efficient computing, since its activation levels are quantized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Aaron R. Voelker , Daniel Rasmussen , Chris Eliasmith

Biologically inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted significant attention for their ability to provide extremely energy-efficient machine intelligence through event-driven operation and sparse activities. As artificial…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Shaoyi Huang , Haowen Fang , Kaleel Mahmood , Bowen Lei , Nuo Xu , Bin Lei , Yue Sun , Dongkuan Xu , Wujie Wen , Caiwen Ding

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional Deep Neural Networks for low-power computing. However, the effectiveness of SNNs is not solely determined by their performance but also by their energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Florian Bacho , Dominique Chu

Hardware failures are a growing challenge for machine learning accelerators, many of which are based on systolic arrays. When a permanent hardware failure occurs in a systolic array, existing solutions include localizing and isolating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Youssef A. Ait Alama , Sampada Sakpal , Ke Wang , Razvan Bunescu , Avinash Karanth , Ahmed Louri

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are inspired by the sparse and event-driven nature of biological neural processing, and offer the potential for ultra-low-power artificial intelligence. However, realizing their efficiency benefits requires…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Ilkin Aliyev , Kama Svoboda , Tosiron Adegbija , Jean-Marc Fellous

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely employed to solve various problems, e.g., image classification. Due to their compute- and data-intensive nature, CNN accelerators have been developed as ASICs or on FPGAs. Increasing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Patrick Plagwitz , Frank Hannig , Jürgen Teich , Oliver Keszocze

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are receiving increasing attention due to their low power consumption and strong bio-plausibility. Optimization of SNNs is a challenging task. Two main methods, artificial neural network (ANN)-to-SNN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chunming Jiang , Yilei Zhang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute in an event-based matter to achieve a more efficient computation than standard Neural Networks. In SNNs, neuronal outputs (i.e. activations) are not encoded with real-valued activations but with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jan Sommer , M. Akif Özkan , Oliver Keszocze , Jürgen Teich

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are increasingly studied as energy-efficient alternatives to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), particularly for edge intelligence. However, prior work has largely emphasized large-scale models, leaving the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Radib Bin Kabir , Tawsif Tashwar Dipto , Mehedi Ahamed , Sabbir Ahmed , Md Hasanul Kabir

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) owing to their asynchronous, sparse, and binary information processing. To improve the energy-efficiency and throughput,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Youngeun Kim , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

The increasing adoption of approximate computing in deep neural network accelerators (AxDNNs) promises significant energy efficiency gains. However, permanent faults in AxDNNs can severely degrade their performance compared to their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Khurram Khalil , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer inherent advantages for low-power inference through sparse, event-driven computation. However, the theoretical energy benefits of SNNs are often decoupled from real hardware performance due to the opaque…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ilkin Aliyev , Jesus Lopez , Tosiron Adegbija

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are well suited for resource-constrained applications as they do not need expensive multipliers. In a typical rate-encoded SNN, a series of binary spikes within a globally fixed time window is used to fire the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Zhanglu Yan , Jun Zhou , Weng-Fai Wong

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being deployed in safety-critical systems such as personal healthcare devices and self-driving cars. In such DNN-based systems, error resilience is a top priority since faults in DNN inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Behnam Ghavami , Mani Sadati , Zhenman Fang , Lesley Shannon

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), particularly the single-spike variant in which neurons spike at most once, are considerably more energy efficient than standard artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, single-spike SSNs are difficult to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Luke Taylor , Andrew King , Nicol Harper

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) can offer ultra-low power/energy consumption for machine learning-based application tasks due to their sparse spike-based operations. Currently, most of the SNN architectures need a significantly larger model…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Shafique

The functionality of electronic circuits can be seriously impaired by the occurrence of dynamic hardware faults. Particularly, for digital ultra low-power systems, a reduced safety margin can increase the probability of dynamic failures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Daniel Gregorek , Nils Hülsmeier , Steffen Paul

Deep neural network (DNN) accelerators received considerable attention in recent years due to the potential to save energy compared to mainstream hardware. Low-voltage operation of DNN accelerators allows to further reduce energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 David Stutz , Nandhini Chandramoorthy , Matthias Hein , Bernt Schiele

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that enable low-power design on edge devices have recently attracted significant research. However, the temporal characteristic of SNNs causes high latency, high bandwidth and high energy consumption for the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Hong-Han Lien , Chung-Wei Hsu , Tian-Sheuan Chang
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