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Quantum computing hardware has grown sufficiently complex that it often can no longer be simulated by classical computers, but its computational power remains limited by errors. These errors corrupt the results of quantum algorithms, and it…

Quantum Computing (QC) is undergoing a high rate of development, investment and research devoted to its improvement.However, there is little consensus in the industry and wider literature as to what improvement might consist of beyond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Jessica Park , Susan Stepney , Irene D'Amico

The purpose of this little survey is to give a simple description of the main approaches to quantum error correction and quantum fault-tolerance. Our goal is to convey the necessary intuitions both for the problems and their solutions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe

Error correction, in the standard meaning of the term, implies the ability to correct all small analog errors and some large errors. Examining assumptions at the basis of the recently proposed quantum error-correcting codes, it is pointed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Subhash Kak

Reducing measurement errors in multi-qubit quantum devices is critical for performing any quantum algorithm. Here we show how to mitigate measurement errors by a classical post-processing of the measured outcomes. Our techniques apply to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Sergey Bravyi , Sarah Sheldon , Abhinav Kandala , David C. Mckay , Jay M. Gambetta

This study presents a roadmap towards utilizing a single arbitrary gate for universal quantum computing. Since two decades ago, it has been widely accepted that almost any single arbitrary gate with qubit number $>2$ is universal. Utilizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Zhong-Yi Ni , Yu-Sheng Zhao , Jin-Guo Liu

Quantum computers are inhibited by physical errors that occur during computation. For this reason, the development of increasingly sophisticated error characterization and error suppression techniques is central to the progress of quantum…

Quantum error correction plays an important role in fault-tolerant quantum information processing. It is usually difficult to experimentally realize quantum error correction, as it requires multiple qubits and quantum gates with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Qihao Guo , Yuan-Yuan Zhao , Markus Grassl , Xinfang Nie , Guo-Yong Xiang , Tao Xin , Zhang-Qi Yin , Bei Zeng

We present a general framework for applying linear quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques directly to physical qubits within a logical qubit to suppress logical errors. By exploiting the linearity of quantum error correction (QEC), we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Minjun Jeon , Zhenyu Cai

Quantum state purification is the functionality that, given multiple copies of an unknown state, outputs a state with increased purity. This will be an essential building block for near- and middle-term quantum ecosystems before the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-14 Bo Yang , Elham Kashefi , Dominik Leichtle , Harold Ollivier

Recent research has demonstrated that quantum computers can solve certain types of problems substantially faster than the known classical algorithms. These problems include factoring integers and certain physics simulations. Practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Wojciech H. Zurek

Simulating quantum many-body systems is crucial for advancing physics but poses substantial challenges for classical computers. Quantum simulations overcome these limitations, with analog simulators offering unique advantages over digital…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-30 Rui-Cheng Guo , Yanwu Gu , Dong E. Liu

This paper investigates properties of noisy quantum information channels. We define a new quantity called {\em coherent information} which measures the amount of quantum information conveyed in the noisy channel. This quantity can never be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Benjamin Schumacher , M. A. Nielsen

Quantum compilation is the process of converting a target unitary operation into a trainable unitary represented by a quantum circuit. It has a wide range of applications, including gate optimization, quantum-assisted compiling, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Vu Tuan Hai , Nguyen Tan Viet , Jesus Urbaneja , Nguyen Vu Linh , Lan Nguyen Tran , Le Bin Ho

It is possible to reduce some types of quantum computation errors by symmetrizing the quantum state of a redundant array. Various models are discussed.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Asher Peres

Mitigating measurement errors in quantum systems without relying on quantum error correction is of critical importance for the practical development of quantum technology. Deep learning-based quantum measurement error mitigation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 ChangWon Lee , Daniel K. Park

Quantum computing is a game-changing technology for global academia, research centers and industries including computational science, mathematics, finance, pharmaceutical, materials science, chemistry and cryptography. Although it has seen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 He-Liang Huang , Xiao-Yue Xu , Chu Guo , Guojing Tian , Shi-Jie Wei , Xiaoming Sun , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Lu Long

Concatenating quantum error correction codes scales error correction capability by driving logical error rates down double-exponentially across levels. However, the noise structure shifts under concatenation, making it hard to choose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Dominik Seuß , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

At the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning, quantum machine learning (QML) is poised to revolutionize artificial intelligence. However, the vulnerability of the current generation of quantum computers to noise and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Eromanga Adermann , Haiyue Kang , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…