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While large language models (LLMs) excel in a simulated world of texts, they struggle to interact with the more realistic world without perceptions of other modalities such as visual or audio signals. Although vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Yijun Yang , Tianyi Zhou , Kanxue Li , Dapeng Tao , Lusong Li , Li Shen , Xiaodong He , Jing Jiang , Yuhui Shi

Modern AI systems such as self-driving cars and game-playing agents achieve superhuman performance, but often lack human-like generalization, interpretability, and inter-operability with human users. Inspired by the rich interactions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Megha Srivastava , Cedric Colas , Dorsa Sadigh , Jacob Andreas

Machine-learning based dialogue managers are able to learn complex behaviors in order to complete a task, but it is not straightforward to extend their capabilities to new domains. We investigate different policies' ability to handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Vladimir Vlasov , Akela Drissner-Schmid , Alan Nichol

This paper addresses a challenging interactive task learning scenario we call rearrangement under unawareness: an agent must manipulate a rigid-body environment without knowing a key concept necessary for solving the task and must learn…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Rimvydas Rubavicius , Peter David Fagan , Alex Lascarides , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Benchmarks for language-guided embodied agents typically assume text-based instructions, but deployed agents will encounter spoken instructions. While Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models can bridge the input gap, erroneous ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Allen Chang , Xiaoyuan Zhu , Aarav Monga , Seoho Ahn , Tejas Srinivasan , Jesse Thomason

Reward engineering is one of the key challenges in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Preference-based RL effectively addresses this issue by learning from human feedback. However, it is both time-consuming and expensive to collect human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Runze Liu , Chenjia Bai , Jiafei Lyu , Shengjie Sun , Yali Du , Xiu Li

Whereas machine learning models typically learn language by directly training on language tasks (e.g., next-word prediction), language emerges in human children as a byproduct of solving non-language tasks (e.g., acquiring food). Motivated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Evan Zheran Liu , Sahaana Suri , Tong Mu , Allan Zhou , Chelsea Finn

Recent years have seen embodied visual navigation advance in two distinct directions: (i) in equipping the AI agent to follow natural language instructions, and (ii) in making the navigable world multimodal, e.g., audio-visual navigation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Sudipta Paul , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Anoop Cherian

Incremental decision making in real-world environments is one of the most challenging tasks in embodied artificial intelligence. One particularly demanding scenario is Vision and Language Navigation~(VLN) which requires visual and natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Raphael Schumann , Wanrong Zhu , Weixi Feng , Tsu-Jui Fu , Stefan Riezler , William Yang Wang

Embodied Instruction Following (EIF) is a crucial task in embodied learning, requiring agents to interact with their environment through egocentric observations to fulfill natural language instructions. Recent advancements have seen a surge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Haochen Shi , Zhiyuan Sun , Xingdi Yuan , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Bang Liu

Transformer has demonstrated its great power to learn contextual word representations for multiple languages in a single model. To process multilingual sentences in the model, a learnable vector is usually assigned to each language, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Exploring open-vocabulary video action recognition is a promising venture, which aims to recognize previously unseen actions within any arbitrary set of categories. Existing methods typically adapt pretrained image-text models to the video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Chengyou Jia , Minnan Luo , Xiaojun Chang , Zhuohang Dang , Mingfei Han , Mengmeng Wang , Guang Dai , Sizhe Dang , Jingdong Wang

We present EmbodiedHead, a speech-driven talking-head framework that equips LLMs with real-time visual avatars for conversation. A practical embodied avatar must achieve real-time generation, unified listening-speaking behavior, and high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yu Zhang , Kaiyuan Shen , Yang Li

Embodiment is an important characteristic for all intelligent agents (creatures and robots), while existing scene description tasks mainly focus on analyzing images passively and the semantic understanding of the scenario is separated from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Sinan Tan , Huaping Liu , Di Guo , Xinyu Zhang , Fuchun Sun

Language-model agent systems commonly rely on reactive prompting, in which a single instruction guides the model through an open-ended sequence of reasoning and tool-use steps, leaving control flow and intermediate state implicit and making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pengcheng Wang , Jerry Huang , Jiarui Yao , Rui Pan , Peizhi Niu , Yaowenqi Liu , Ruida Wang , Renhao Lu , Yuwei Guo , Tong Zhang

Task completion in digital and physical environments increasingly involves complex temporal interaction, where actions and observations unfold over different time scales rather than align with fixed observation--action steps. To model such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jialian Li , Yuchen Cao , Junhong Liu , Weiran Guo , Xutao Wang , Jiaming Song , Jiahao Zhang , Jie Chen

Embodied instruction following (EIF) requires agents to understand and execute complex natural language commands within interactive 3D environments. Despite recent advances, existing methods often fail in long-horizon planning and handling…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xicheng Gong , Guozheng Sun , Peiran Xu , Yadong Mu

State abstraction is an effective technique for planning in robotics environments with continuous states and actions, long task horizons, and sparse feedback. In object-oriented environments, predicates are a particularly useful form of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Amber Li , Tom Silver

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved substantial progress in multimodal perception and reasoning. When integrated into an embodied agent, existing embodied VLM works either output detailed action sequences at the manipulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jingkang Yang , Yuhao Dong , Shuai Liu , Bo Li , Ziyue Wang , Chencheng Jiang , Haoran Tan , Jiamu Kang , Yuanhan Zhang , Kaiyang Zhou , Ziwei Liu

Leveraging Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to create embodied agents offers a promising avenue for tackling real-world tasks. While language-centric embodied agents have garnered substantial attention, MLLM-based embodied agents…