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The decoy-state method in quantum key distribution (QKD) is a popular technique to approximately achieve the performance of ideal single-photon sources by means of simpler and practical laser sources. In high-speed decoy-state QKD systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Álvaro Navarrete , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty

State-of-the-art quantum key distribution systems are based on the BB84 protocol and single photons generated by lasers. These implementations suffer from range limitations and security loopholes, which require expensive adaptation. The use…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables the sharing of cryptographic keys secured by quantum mechanics. The BB84 protocol assumed single-photon sources, but practical systems rely on weak coherent pulses vulnerable to photon-number-splitting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Ibrahim Almosallam

Quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD), is one of the advanced areas in the field of quantum technologies. The confidentiality of keys distributed with the use of QKD protocols is guaranteed by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-30 A. S. Trushechkin , E. O. Kiktenko , D. A. Kronberg , A. K. Fedorov

We implement a decoy-state quantum key distribution scheme using a telecom C-band single-emitter source. The decoy states are created by varying the optical excitation of the quantum emitter to modulate the photon number distribution. We…

Robust implementation of quantum key distribution requires precise state generation and measurements, as well as a transmission that is resistant to channel disturbances. However, the choice of the optimal encoding scheme is not trivial and…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides theoretic information security in communications based on the laws of quantum physics. In this work, we report an implementation of quantum-secured data transmission in the infrastructure of Sberbank…

Decoy state method quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the promising practical solutions to BB84 QKD with coherent light pulses. In the real world, however, statistical fluctuations with the finite code length cannot be negligible, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-25 Jun Hasegawa , Masahito Hayashi , Tohya Hiroshima , Akihisa Tomita

Prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocols can be decomposed into two basic steps: delivery of the signals over a quantum channel and distillation of a secret key from the signal and measurement records by classical processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Joseph M. Renes , Markus Grassl

We propose an efficient four-intensity decoy-state BB84 protocol and derive concise security bounds for this protocol with the universally composable finite-key analysis method. Comparing with the efficient three-intensity protocol, we find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-16 Haodong Jiang , Ming Gao , Bao Yan , Weilong Wang , Zhi Ma

Long-distance quantum channels capable of transferring quantum states faithfully for unconditionally secure quantum communication have been so far confirmed feasible in both fiber and free-space air. However, it remains unclear whether…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-11 Ling Ji , Jun Gao , Ai-Lin Yang , Zhen Feng , Xiao-Feng Lin , Hong-Gen Li , Xian-Min Jin

We demonstrate the decoy-state quantum key distribution over 200 km with photon polarization through optical fiber, by using super-conducting single photon detector with a repetition rate of 320 Mega Hz and a dark count rate of lower than 1…

Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution. Here, we present a general theory of the decoy state protocol based on only two decoy states and one signal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 X. Ma , B. Qi , Y. Zhao , H. -K. Lo

Multiplexing is a strategy to augment the transmission capacity of a communication system. It consists of combining multiple signals over the same data channel and it has been very successful in classical communications. However, the use of…

The decoy-state BB84 protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) is used on Micius, the world's first satellite for quantum communications. The method of decoy states can detect photon-number-splitting eavesdropping and thus enables, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Alexander Miller

We present a new optical scheme for BB84 protocol quantum key distribution (QKD). The proposed setup consists of a compact all-fiber polarization encoding optical scheme based on LiNbO3 phase modulators, single laser source and two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 A. Duplinskiy , V. Ustimchik , A. Kanapin , V. Kurochkin , Y. Kurochkin

To beat PNS attack, decoy state quantum key distribution (QKD) based on coherent state has been studied widely. We present a decoy state QKD protocol with modified coherent state (MCS). By destruction quantum interference, MCS with fewer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han , Fang-Wen Sun , Guang-Can Guo

A quantum key distribution system has been developed, using standard telecommunications optical fiber, which is capable of operating at clock rates of greater than 1 GHz. The quantum key distribution system implements a polarization encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Karen J. Gordon , Veronica Fernandez , Paul D. Townsend , Gerald S. Buller

In this paper, we present a flowchart-based description of the decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and provide a step-by-step, self-contained information-theoretic security proof for this protocol within the universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Akihiro Mizutani , Toshihiko Sasaki , Go Kato

We prove the security of a quantum key distribution scheme based on transmission of squeezed quantum states of a harmonic oscillator. Our proof employs quantum error-correcting codes that encode a finite-dimensional quantum system in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Daniel Gottesman , John Preskill