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Artificial Intelligence (AI) benchmarks play a central role in measuring progress in model development and guiding deployment decisions. However, many benchmarks quickly become saturated, meaning that they can no longer differentiate…

There is a tendency across different subfields in AI to valorize a small collection of influential benchmarks. These benchmarks operate as stand-ins for a range of anointed common problems that are frequently framed as foundational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Inioluwa Deborah Raji , Emily M. Bender , Amandalynne Paullada , Emily Denton , Alex Hanna

Publicly accessible benchmarks that allow for assessing and comparing model performances are important drivers of progress in artificial intelligence (AI). While recent advances in AI capabilities hold the potential to transform medical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Kathrin Blagec , Jakob Kraiger , Wolfgang Frühwirt , Matthias Samwald

AI models are increasingly prevalent in high-stakes environments, necessitating thorough assessment of their capabilities and risks. Benchmarks are popular for measuring these attributes and for comparing model performance, tracking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Anka Reuel , Amelia Hardy , Chandler Smith , Max Lamparth , Malcolm Hardy , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Quantitative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Benchmarks have emerged as fundamental tools for evaluating the performance, capability, and safety of AI models and systems. Currently, they shape the direction of AI development and are playing an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maria Eriksson , Erasmo Purificato , Arman Noroozian , Joao Vinagre , Guillaume Chaslot , Emilia Gomez , David Fernandez-Llorca

More than one hundred benchmarks have been developed to test the commonsense knowledge and commonsense reasoning abilities of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, these benchmarks are often flawed and many aspects of common sense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Ernest Davis

Comparing model performances on benchmark datasets is an integral part of measuring and driving progress in artificial intelligence. A model's performance on a benchmark dataset is commonly assessed based on a single or a small set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Kathrin Blagec , Georg Dorffner , Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

While aggregate leaderboard scores drive AI development, they contain substantial measurement noise whose sources and magnitudes remain unquantified, making it unclear when rankings reflect genuine capability differences versus evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Michael Hardy , Anka Reuel , Lijin Zhang , Jodi M. Casabianca , Sang Truong , Yash Dave , Hansol Lee , Benjamin Domingue , Sanmi Koyejo

Benchmarks are a cornerstone of modern machine learning, enabling reproducibility, comparison, and scientific progress. However, AI benchmarks are increasingly complex, requiring dynamic, AI-focused workflows. Rapid evolution in model…

AI safety benchmarks are pivotal for safety in advanced AI systems; however, they have significant technical, epistemic, and sociotechnical shortcomings. We present a review of 210 safety benchmarks that maps out common challenges in safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Cheng Yu , Severin Engelmann , Ruoxuan Cao , Dalia Ali , Orestis Papakyriakopoulos

Advances in artificial intelligence need to become more resource-aware and sustainable. This requires clear assessment and reporting of energy efficiency trade-offs, like sacrificing fast running time for higher predictive performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Raphael Fischer , Matthias Jakobs , Katharina Morik

Most AI benchmarks saturate within years or even months after they are introduced, making it hard to study long-run trends in AI capabilities. To address this challenge, we build a statistical framework that stitches benchmarks together,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Anson Ho , Jean-Stanislas Denain , David Atanasov , Samuel Albanie , Rohin Shah

AI models are increasingly deployed in live clinical environments where they must perform reliably across complex, high-stakes workflows that standard training and validation datasets were never designed to capture. Evaluating these systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prasanna Desikan , Harshit Rajgarhia , Shivali Dalmia , Ananya Mantravadi

As frontier artificial intelligence (AI) models rapidly advance, benchmarks are integral to comparing different models and measuring their progress in different task-specific domains. However, there is a lack of guidance on when and how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ayrton San Joaquin , Rokas Gipiškis , Leon Staufer , Ariel Gil

AI agents are increasingly developed and evaluated on benchmarks relevant to human work, yet it remains unclear how representative these benchmarking efforts are of the labor market as a whole. In this work, we systematically study the…

Recent benchmark studies have claimed that AI has approached or even surpassed human-level performances on various cognitive tasks. However, this position paper argues that current AI evaluation paradigms are insufficient for assessing…

Large language models are proliferating, and so are the benchmarks that serve as their common yardsticks. We ask how the agglomeration patterns of these two layers compare: do they evolve in tandem or diverge? Drawing on two curated proxies…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Manuel Cebrian , Tomomi Kito , Raul Castro Fernandez

Benchmarks play a significant role in how technology companies communicate about model capabilities and how researchers and the public understand generative AI systems. However, existing benchmarks have been criticized for their failure to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Charlotte Li , Nick Hagar , Sachita Nishal , Jeremy Gilbert , Nick Diakopoulos

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, most based on deep learning, have facilitated progress in several fields, including computer vision and natural language understanding. The progress of these AI methods is measured using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Stefan Maetschke , David Martinez Iraola , Pieter Barnard , Elaheh ShafieiBavani , Peter Zhong , Ying Xu , Antonio Jimeno Yepes
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