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The increasing penetration of renewable energy leads to a continuous reduction in system inertia, for which conventional synchronization criteria based solely on frequency consistency can no longer accurately capture the coupled dynamics of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Yusen Wei , Lan Tang , Peidong Li

Robust controllers ensure stability in feedback loops designed under uncertainty but at the cost of performance. Model uncertainty in time-invariant systems can be reduced by recently proposed learning-based methods, which improve the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-18 Alexander von Rohr , Friedrich Solowjow , Sebastian Trimpe

As more inverter-connected renewable resources are integrated into the grid, frequency stability may degrade because of the reduction in mechanical inertia and damping. A common approach to mitigate this degradation in performance is to use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-30 Wenqi Cui , Yan Jiang , Baosen Zhang

The wide deployment of renewable generation and the gradual decrease in the overall system inertia make modern power grids more vulnerable to transient instabilities and unacceptable frequency fluctuations. Time-domain simulation-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Dongchan Lee , Liviu Aolaritei , Thanh Long Vu , Konstantin Turitsyn

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning-based approach for optimal transient frequency control in power systems with stability and safety guarantees. Building on Lyapunov stability theory and safety-critical control, we derive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-22 Zhenyi Yuan , Changhong Zhao , Jorge Cortes

This paper studies the learning-to-control problem under process and sensing uncertainties for dynamical systems. In our previous work, we developed a data-based generalization of the iterative linear quadratic regulator (iLQR) to design…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Ran Wang , Raman Goyal , Suman Chakravorty

This work studies data-driven switched controller design for discrete-time switched linear systems. Instead of having access to the full system dynamics, an initialization phase is performed, during which noiseless measurements of the state…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Jaap Eising , Shenyu Liu , Sonia Martinez , Jorge Cortes

The AC frequency in electrical power systems is conventionally regulated by synchronous machines. The gradual replacement of these machines by asynchronous renewable-based generation, which provides little or no frequency control, increases…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

Traditionally, inertia in power systems has been determined by considering all the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. During the last decade, the integration of renewable energy sources, mainly photovoltaic installations and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 Ana Fernández-Guillamón , Emilio Gómez-Lázaro , Eduard Muljadi , Angel Molina-García

The reliance on distributed renewable energy has increased recently. As a result, power electronic-based distributed generators replaced synchronous generators which led to a change in the dynamic characteristics of the microgrid. Most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Rezvan Alamian , Nima Tashakor , Brahim Elkhalil Youcefa , Stefan M. Goetz

How to practically maintain the frequency stability of large-scale power systems by a decentralized way is a simple but non-trivial question. In other words, is it possible to design any local controller without understanding the other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-13 Binh-Minh Nguyen , Ngoc Tran-Huynh , Michihiro Kawanishi , Tatsuo Narikiyo

Ensuring the frequency stability of electric grids with increasing renewable resources is a key problem in power system operations. In recent years, a number of advanced controllers have been designed to optimize frequency control. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Wenqi Cui , Guanya Shi , Yuanyuan Shi , Baosen Zhang

The stability of AC power grids relies on ancillary services that mitigate frequency fluctuations. The electromechanical inertia of large synchronous generators is currently the only resource to absorb frequency disturbances on sub-second…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Julian Fritzsch , Philippe Jacquod

Standard model-based control design deteriorates when the system dynamics change during operation. To overcome this challenge, online and adaptive methods have been proposed in the literature. In this work, we consider the class of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Marcell Bartos , Johannes Köhler , Florian Dörfler , Melanie N. Zeilinger

In this paper, we study stabilizability of discrete-time switched linear systems where the switching signal is considered as an arbitrary disturbance (and not a control variable). We characterize feedback stabilization via necessary and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Thiago Alves Lima , Matteo Della Rossa , Antoine Girard

This paper studies the robustness of reinforcement learning algorithms to errors in the learning process. Specifically, we revisit the benchmark problem of discrete-time linear quadratic regulation (LQR) and study the long-standing open…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-16 Bo Pang , Zhong-Ping Jiang

Motivated by the goal of learning controllers for complex systems whose dynamics change over time, we consider the problem of designing control laws for systems that switch among a finite set of unknown discrete-time linear subsystems under…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 Monica Rotulo , Claudio De Persis , Pietro Tesi

This paper introduces a control strategy to simultaneously achieve asymptotic stabilization and transient frequency regulation of power networks. The control command is generated by iteratively solving an open-loop control cost minimization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-13 Yifu Zhang , Jorge Cortes

In large-scale networks of uncertain dynamical systems, where communication is limited and there is a strong interaction among subsystems, learning local models and control policies offers great potential for designing high-performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-08 Andrea Carron , Jerome Sieber , Melanie N. Zeilinger

This paper focuses on adaptive control of the discrete-time linear quadratic regulator (adaptive LQR). Recent literature has made significant contributions in proving non-asymptotic convergence rates, but existing approaches have a few…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Peter A. Fisher , Anuradha M. Annaswamy