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The increasing prevalence of AI-generated content alongside human-written text underscores the need for reliable discrimination methods. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework with textual embeddings from Pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Arjun Ramesh Kaushik , Sunil Rufus R P , Nalini Ratha

Binary neural networks (BNNs) are increasingly deployed in edge computing applications due to their low hardware complexity and high energy efficiency. However, verifying the robustness of BNNs against input perturbations, including…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Rahul Singh , Seyran Saeedi , Zheng Zhang

The protection of Intellectual Property (IP) for Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a critical concern as model theft and unauthorized commercialization escalate. While adversarial fingerprinting offers a promising black-box solution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhebo Wang , Zhenhua Xu , Maike Li , Wenpeng Xing , Chunqiang Hu , Chen Zhi , Meng Han

The problem of cross-platform binary code similarity detection aims at detecting whether two binary functions coming from different platforms are similar or not. It has many security applications, including plagiarism detection, malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Xiaojun Xu , Chang Liu , Qian Feng , Heng Yin , Le Song , Dawn Song

The widespread adoption of web applications has made their security a critical concern and has increased the need for systematic ways to assess whether they can be considered trustworthy. However, "trust" assessment remains an open problem…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Oleksandr Yarotskyi , José D'Abruzzo Pereira , João R. Campos

Decompilation aims to transform a low-level program language (LPL) (eg., binary file) into its functionally-equivalent high-level program language (HPL) (e.g., C/C++). It is a core technology in software security, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Ying Cao , Ruigang Liang , Kai Chen , Peiwei Hu

Binary code similarity detection is a core task in reverse engineering. It supports malware analysis and vulnerability discovery by identifying semantically similar code in different contexts. Modern methods have progressed from manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charles E. Gagnon , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to tackle complex tasks, often necessitating collaboration among multiple specialized agents. However, multi-agent collaboration introduces new challenges in planning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tianyang Xu , Dan Zhang , Kushan Mitra , Estevam Hruschka

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to applications such as question answering and content creation, reliable content attribution has become increasingly important. Watermarking is a promising approach, but most existing methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ya Jiang , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Surender Suresh Kumar , Kai Zeng

Recent privacy research on large language models (LLMs) has shown that they achieve near-human-level performance at inferring personal data from online texts. With ever-increasing model capabilities, existing text anonymization methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Robin Staab , Mark Vero , Mislav Balunović , Martin Vechev

The deep neural networks, such as the Deep-FSMN, have been widely studied for keyword spotting (KWS) applications. However, computational resources for these networks are significantly constrained since they usually run on-call on edge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Haotong Qin , Xudong Ma , Yifu Ding , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Yao Tian , Zejun Ma , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu

Binarization, which converts weight parameters to binary values, has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce the size of large language models (LLMs). However, typical binarization techniques significantly diminish linguistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Dongwon Jo , Taesu Kim , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

A fundamental problem in cybersecurity and computer science is determining whether a program is free of bugs and vulnerabilities. Fuzzing, a popular approach to discovering vulnerabilities in programs, has several advantages over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ian Hardgrove , John D. Hastings

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as transformative tools for software vulnerability detection, addressing critical challenges in the security domain. Traditional methods, such as static and dynamic analysis, often falter due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Shuning Gu , Heqing Huang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

In an era where cyberattacks increasingly target the software supply chain, the ability to accurately attribute code authorship in binary files is critical to improving cybersecurity measures. We propose OCEAN, a contrastive learning-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Felix Mächtle , Jan-Niclas Serr , Nils Loose , Jonas Sander , Thomas Eisenbarth

Style analysis, which is relatively a less explored topic, enables several interesting applications. For instance, it allows authors to adjust their writing style to produce a more coherent document in collaboration. Similarly, style…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Muhammad Tayyab Zamir , Muhammad Asif Ayub , Jebran Khan , Muhammad Jawad Ikram , Nasir Ahmad , Kashif Ahmad

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely applied across various domains due to their powerful text generation capabilities. While LLM-generated texts often resemble human-written ones, their misuse can lead to significant societal risks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhuoshang Wang , Yubing Ren , Guoyu Zhao , Xiaowei Zhu , Hao Li , Yanan Cao

Similarity metrics, e.g., signatures as used by anti-virus products, are the dominant technique to detect if a given binary is malware. The underlying assumption of this approach is that all instances of a malware (or even malware family)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-30 Mathias Payer , Stephen Crane , Per Larsen , Stefan Brunthaler , Richard Wartell , Michael Franz

Software vulnerabilities remain a critical security challenge, providing entry points for attackers into enterprise networks. Despite advances in security practices, the lack of high-quality datasets capturing diverse exploit behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alireza Lotfi , Charalampos Katsis , Elisa Bertino

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate requirements specifications, design documents, code, and test cases. In contrast, much less attention has been given to a more difficult assurance problem: statically verifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhi Quan Zhou , Dave Towey , Tsong Yueh Chen