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Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous process in astrophysical plasmas and an efficient mechanism for particle acceleration. Using 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with a co-evolving fluid-particle framework, we investigate how…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Shimin Liang , Nianyu Yi

In solar flares and other astrophysical systems, a major challenge for solving particle acceleration problem associated with magnetic reconnection is the enormous scale separation between kinetic scales and observed reconnection scale.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-08 Xiaocan Li , Fan Guo , Hui Li , Shengtai Li

While collisionless plasmas are ubiquitously present near astrophysical compact objects, the impact that their composition has on the high-energy emission is presently unknown. We present the first investigation of particle-acceleration…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Claudio Meringolo , Mario Imbrogno , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Sergio Servidio , Luciano Rezzolla

Relativistic collisionless shocks are associated with efficient particle acceleration when propagating into weakly magnetized homogeneous media; as the magnetization increases, particle acceleration becomes suppressed. We demonstrate that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-26 Camilia Demidem , Joonas Nättilä , Alexandra Veledina

Several MHD works and, in particular, the recent one by Medina-Torrejon et al. (2021) based on three-dimensional MHD simulations of relativistic jets, have evidenced that particle acceleration by magnetic reconnection driven by the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-02 Tania E. Medina-Torrejón , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , Grzegorz Kowal

We present numerical results from plasma particle simulations of collisionless shocks and ultra-relativistic counter-streaming plasmas. We demonstrate how the field-particle interactions lead to particle acceleration behind the shock-front.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Trier Frederiksen , C. B. Hededal , T. Haugboelle , A. Nordlund

It is shown that two circularly polarised Alfv\'en waves that propagate along the ambient magnetic field in an uniform plasma trigger non oscillating electromagnetic field components when they cross each other. The non-oscilliating field…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Fabrice Mottez

We present the first three-dimensional fully kinetic electromagnetic relativistic particle-in-cell simulations of the collision of two interpenetrating plasma shells. The highly accurate plasma-kinetic "particle-in-cell" (with the total of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. O. Silva , R. A. Fonseca , J. Tonge , J. M. Dawson , W. B. Mori , M. V. Medvedev

Collisionless shock waves, found in supernova remnants, interstellar, stellar, and planetary environments, and laboratories, are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators. This study combines in situ satellite measurements with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-05 Savvas Raptis , Ahmad Lalti , Martin Lindberg , Drew L. Turner , Damiano Caprioli , James L. Burch

Particle acceleration and pitch-angle anisotropy resulting from magnetic reconnection are investigated in highly magnetized ion-electron plasmas. By means of fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-26 Luca Comisso

We develop a model of gamma-ray flares of the Crab Nebula resulting from the magnetic reconnection events in highly-magnetized relativistic plasma. We first discuss physical parameters of the Crab nebula and review the theory of pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-06 Maxim Lyutikov , Serguei Komissarov , Lorenzo Sironi , Oliver Porth

Two-fluid (electron-positron) plasma modelling has shown that inductive acceleration can convert Poynting flux directly into bulk kinetic energy in the relativistic flows driven by rotating magnetized neutron stars and black holes. Here, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-14 John G. Kirk , Gwenael Giacinti

Plasma energization through magnetic reconnection in the magnetically-dominated regime featured by low plasma beta ($\beta = 8 \pi nkT_0/B^2 \ll 1$) and/or high magnetization ($\sigma = B^2/(4 \pi nmc^2) \gg 1$) is important in a series of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-25 Fan Guo , Hui Li , William Daughton , Xiaocan Li , Yi-Hsin Liu

We review basic theoretical concepts in particle acceleration, with particular emphasis on processes likely to occur in regions of magnetic reconnection. Several new developments are discussed, including detailed studies of reconnection in…

Very strong magnetic fields can arise in non-central heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, which may not decay quickly in a conducting plasma. We carry out relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) simulations to study the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-09-11 Arpan Das , Shreyansh S. Dave , P. S. Saumia , Ajit M. Srivastava

Collisionless magnetic reconnection is a prime candidate to account for flare-like or steady emission, outflow launching, or plasma heating, in a variety of high-energy astrophysical objects, including ones with relativistic ion-electron…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-05 Mickaël Melzani , Rolf Walder , Doris Folini , Christophe Winisdoerffer , Jean M. Favre

Violation of the axial synnetry of a magnetic field essentially modifies the physics of the plasma outflow in the magnetosphere of rotating objects. In comparison to the axisymmetric outflow, two new affects appear: more efficient…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. V. Bogovalov

Observations of galaxy clusters show radio emission extended over almost the system scale, necessitating mechanisms for particle acceleration. Previous models for acceleration such as diffusive shock acceleration and that due to turbulence…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-30 Subham Ghosh , Pallavi Bhat

Particle acceleration at magnetized purely perpendicular relativistic shocks in electron-ion plasmas are studied by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Magnetized shocks with the upstream bulk Lorentz factor $\gamma_1 \gg…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-20 Masanori Iwamoto , Takanobu Amano , Yosuke Matsumoto , Shuichi Matsukiyo , Masahiro Hoshino

As a fundamental process converting magnetic to plasma energy in high-energy astrophysical plasmas, relativistic magnetic reconnection is a leading explanation for the acceleration of particles to the ultrarelativistic energies necessary to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-26 Gregory R. Werner , Dmitri A. Uzdensky