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Understanding the emergence of cooperation in systems of computational agents is crucial for the development of effective cooperative AI. Interaction among individuals in real-world settings are often sparse and occur within a broad…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Nicole Orzan , Erman Acar , Davide Grossi , Roxana Rădulescu

Reputation and punishment are significant guidelines for regulating individual behavior in human society, and those with a good reputation are more likely to be imitated by others. In addition, society imposes varying degrees of punishment…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Gui Zhang , Yichao Yao , Ziyan Zeng , Minyu Feng , Manuel Chica

Despite recent advances in reputation technologies, it is not clear how reputation systems can affect human cooperation in social networks. Although it is known that two of the major mechanisms in the evolution of cooperation are spatial…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-01-24 Tatsuya Sasaki , Hitoshi Yamamoto , Isamu Okada , Satoshi Uchida

Indirect reciprocity maintains cooperation in stranger societies by mapping individual behaviors onto reputation signals via social norms. Existing theoretical frameworks assume static environments with constant resources and fixed payoff…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-04 Yishen Jiang , Xin Wang , Ming Wei , Wenqiang Zhu , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Shaoting Tang

Cooperative behaviour has been extensively studied as a choice between cooperation and defection. However, the possibility to not participate is also frequently available. This type of problem can be studied through the optional public…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-06 Shirsendu Podder , Simone Righi , Francesca Pancotto

Cooperation is a key driver of human social progress. Studies of the evolution of cooperation typically assume a deterministic outcome for social interactions. But in real-world social interactions, interaction outcomes are often subject to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-14 Jiapeng Yu , Anzhi Sheng , Long Wang

Varying environmental conditions affect relations between interacting individuals in social dilemmas, thus affecting also the evolution of cooperation. Oftentimes these environmental variations are seasonal and can therefore be…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-02 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Cooperation in human society is sustained by reputation. In general, the reputation of an individual is determined by others who observe his behavior, but this rarely happens in private situations. This may cause people to behave…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-12-11 Daiki Miyagawa , Koki Miyabara , Genki Ichinose

Reputation systems are currently used, often with success, to ensure the functioning of online services as well as of e-commerce sites. Despite the relationship between reputation and material cooperative behaviours is quite supported, less…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Mirko Duradoni , Franco Bagnoli , Andrea Guazzini

Reputation is one of key mechanisms to maintain human cooperation, but its analysis gets complicated if we consider the possibility that reputation does not reach consensus because of erroneous assessment. The difficulty is alleviated if we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-13 Sanghun Lee , Yohsuke Murase , Seung Ki Baek

Creating incentives for cooperation is a challenge in natural and artificial systems. One potential answer is reputation, whereby agents trade the immediate cost of cooperation for the future benefits of having a good reputation. Game…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Nicolas Anastassacos , Julian García , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

The environment undergoes perpetual changes that are influenced by a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors. Consequently, it exerts a substantial influence on an individual's physical and psychological state, directly or…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-11 Yuji Zhang , Minyu Feng , Jürgen Kurths , Attila Szolnoki

Reputation is a powerful mechanism to enforce cooperation among unrelated individuals through indirect reciprocity, but it suffers from disagreement originating from private assessment, noise, and incomplete information. In this work, we…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-12 Sanghun Lee , Yohsuke Murase , Seung Ki Baek

Theoretical models suggest that social networks influence the evolution of cooperation, but to date there have been few experimental studies. Observational data suggest that a wide variety of behaviors may spread in human social networks,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-07-26 James H. Fowler , Nicholas A. Christakis

We examine behavior in an experimental collaboration game that incorporates endogenous network formation. The environment is modeled as a generalization of the voluntary contributions mechanism. By varying the information structure in a…

General Economics · Economics 2024-04-17 Philip Solimine , Luke Boosey

Economic studies have shown that there are two types of regulation schemes which can be considered as a vital part of today's global economy: self-regulation enforced by self-regulation organizations to govern industry practices, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-11-20 Pengbi Cui , Zhi-Xi Wu , Tao Zhou , Xiaojie Chen

Cooperation underlies many natural and artificial systems. While voluntary participation can sustain cooperation without informational assumptions, real interactions are rarely anonymous, leaving the joint effects of participation and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-27 Chen Shen , Zhao Song , Xinyu Wang , Lei Shi , Matjaž Perc , Zhen Wang , Jun Tanimoto

Collective action demands that individuals efficiently coordinate how much, where, and when to cooperate. Laboratory experiments have extensively explored the first part of this process, demonstrating that a variety of social-cognitive…

Cooperation in groups underpins collective responses to challenges from climate governance to public goods provision, yet how moral evaluation sustains it remains poorly understood. Indirect reciprocity -- cooperating to build a good…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-29 Ming Wei , Xin Wang , Junyu Lu , Longzhao Liu , Yishen Jiang , Hongwei Zheng , Shaoting Tang , Feng Fu

Altruistic cooperation is costly yet socially desirable. As a result, agents struggle to learn cooperative policies through independent reinforcement learning (RL). Indirect reciprocity, where agents consider their interaction partner's…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Martin Smit , Fernando P. Santos
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