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Vision-Language Models like CLIP are extensively used for inter-modal tasks which involve both visual and text modalities. However, when the individual modality encoders are applied to inherently intra-modal tasks like image-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Simone Magistri , Dipam Goswami , Marco Mistretta , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost van de Weijer , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Large-scale pre-trained image-text models demonstrate remarkable versatility across diverse tasks, benefiting from their robust representational capabilities and effective multimodal alignment. We extend the application of these models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Sooyoung Park , Arda Senocak , Joon Son Chung

Adversarial input attacks can cause a significant shift of CLIP embeddings. This can affect the downstream robustness of models incorporating CLIP in the pipeline, such as text-to-image generative models or large vision language models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Elias Abad Rocamora , Christian Schlarmann , Naman Deep Singh , Yongtao Wu , Matthias Hein , Volkan Cevher

Learning representations of multimodal data that are both informative and robust to missing modalities at test time remains a challenging problem due to the inherent heterogeneity of data obtained from different channels. To address it, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Petra Poklukar , Miguel Vasco , Hang Yin , Francisco S. Melo , Ana Paiva , Danica Kragic

Recent research suggested that the embeddings produced by CLIP-like contrastive language-image training are suboptimal for image-only tasks. The main theory is that the inter-modal (language-image) alignment loss ignores intra-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jonas Herzog , Yue Wang

Deep Learning (DL) is undergoing a paradigm shift with the emergence of foundation models. In this work, we focus on Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), a Vision-Language foundation model that achieves high accuracy across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Angelos Zavras , Dimitrios Michail , Begüm Demir , Ioannis Papoutsis

Learning joint embedding space for various modalities is of vital importance for multimodal fusion. Mainstream modality fusion approaches fail to achieve this goal, leaving a modality gap which heavily affects cross-modal fusion. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Sijie Mai , Haifeng Hu , Songlong Xing

Recently, vision-language models like CLIP have advanced the state of the art in a variety of multi-modal tasks including image captioning and caption evaluation. Many approaches leverage CLIP for cross-modal retrieval to condition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Fabian Paischer , Markus Hofmarcher , Sepp Hochreiter , Thomas Adler

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) models have shown significant potential, particularly in zero-shot classification across diverse distribution shifts. Building on existing evaluations of overall classification robustness, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Weijie Tu , Weijian Deng , Tom Gedeon

Large vision-language representation learning models like CLIP have demonstrated impressive performance for zero-shot transfer to downstream tasks while largely benefiting from inter-modal (image-text) alignment via contrastive objectives.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Muhammad Waleed Gondal , Jochen Gast , Inigo Alonso Ruiz , Richard Droste , Tommaso Macri , Suren Kumar , Luitpold Staudigl

We present Distill CLIP (DCLIP), a fine-tuned variant of the CLIP model that enhances multimodal image-text retrieval while preserving the original model's strong zero-shot classification capabilities. CLIP models are typically constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Daniel Csizmadia , Andrei Codreanu , Victor Sim , Vighnesh Prabhu , Michael Lu , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma

Recent advancements in deep generative models, particularly with the application of CLIP (Contrastive Language Image Pretraining) to Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs), have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in text to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Cristian Sbrolli , Paolo Cudrano , Matteo Matteucci

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)~\citep{radford2021learning} has emerged as a pivotal model in computer vision and multimodal learning, achieving state-of-the-art performance at aligning visual and textual representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shaoan Xie , Lingjing Kong , Yujia Zheng , Yu Yao , Zeyu Tang , Eric P. Xing , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

Pre-trained vision-language models such as CLIP exhibit strong transferability, yet adapting them to downstream image classification tasks under limited annotation budgets remains challenging. In active learning settings, the model must…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Qian-Wei Wang , Yaguang Song , Shu-Tao Xia

Although image captioning models have made significant advancements in recent years, the majority of them heavily depend on high-quality datasets containing paired images and texts which are costly to acquire. Previous works leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Zhiyue Liu , Jinyuan Liu , Fanrong Ma

During the preceding biennium, vision-language pre-training has achieved noteworthy success on several downstream tasks. Nevertheless, acquiring high-quality image-text pairs, where the pairs are entirely exclusive of each other, remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuting Gao , Jinfeng Liu , Zihan Xu , Tong Wu Enwei Zhang , Wei Liu , Jie Yang , Ke Li , Xing Sun

Multi-modal foundation models like OpenFlamingo, LLaVA, and GPT-4 are increasingly used for various real-world tasks. Prior work has shown that these models are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks on the vision modality. These attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Christian Schlarmann , Naman Deep Singh , Francesco Croce , Matthias Hein

Contrastive image-text models such as CLIP form the building blocks of many state-of-the-art systems. While they excel at recognizing common generic concepts, they still struggle on fine-grained entities which are rare, or even absent from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Ahmet Iscen , Mathilde Caron , Alireza Fathi , Cordelia Schmid

Recent advances in vision-language models have enabled rich semantic understanding across modalities. However, these encoding methods lack the ability to interpret or reason about the moral dimensions of content-a crucial aspect of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ana Carolina Condez , Diogo Tavares , João Magalhães

Visual-language models such as CLIP provide powerful general-purpose representations, but their raw embeddings are not optimized for supervised classification, often exhibiting limited class separation and excessive dimensionality. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Matej Suchanek , Klara Janouskova , Ondrej Vasatko , Jiri Matas