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Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized to optimize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols. Given that image details are critical for diagnostic accuracy, optimizing MRI acquisition protocols is essential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Alice Vian , Diego Andre Eifer , Mauricio Anes , Guilherme Ribeiro Garcia , Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza

We apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to the problem of parametric galaxy modeling, estimating posterior distributions of galaxy properties such as ellipticity and brightness for more than 100,000 images of galaxies taken from DC2, a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-20 James J. Buchanan , Michael D. Schneider , Kerianne Pruett , Robert E. Armstrong

Model Predictive Control (MPC) offers rigorous safety and performance guarantees but is computationally intensive. Approximate MPC (AMPC) aims to circumvent this drawback by learning a computationally cheaper surrogate policy. Common…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Elias Milios , Kim P. Wabersich , Felix Berkel , Felix Gruber , Melanie N. Zeilinger

A major barrier to medical imaging research and in particular the development of artificial intelligence (AI) is a lack of large databases of medical images which share images with other researchers. Without such databases it is not…

The goal of this paper is to estimate an optimal combination of biomarkers for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which provides the most sensitive combinations of biomarkers to assess disease progression (in this case,…

This paper studies a new and highly efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology to perform Bayesian inference in low-photon imaging problems, with particular attention to situations involving observation noise processes that…

Designing clinical trials requires evaluating multiple operating characteristics (OCs), such as the likelihood of an early stopping decision, the probability of detecting a treatment effect, and the Type I error rate. In most cases, these…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-23 Susanna Gentile , Daniel E. Schwartz , Riddhiman Saha , Lorenzo Trippa

Efficient sampling of two-dimensional statistical physics systems remains a central challenge in computational statistical physics. Traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, including cluster algorithms, provide only partial…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-24 Tao Chen , Jingtong Zhang , Jing Liu , Youjin Deng , Pan Zhang

One of the major problems in adaptive filtering is the problem of system identification. It has been studied extensively due to its immense practical importance in a variety of fields. The underlying goal is to identify the impulse response…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-05-11 Muhammad Ali Raza Anjum

Many epidemic models are naturally defined as individual-based models: where we track the state of each individual within a susceptible population. Inference for individual-based models is challenging due to the high-dimensional state-space…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-04 Lorenzo Rimella , Christopher Jewell , Paul Fearnhead

We apply Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods to the stellar parameter estimation problem. This technique is useful when dealing with non-linear models and allows to derive realistic error bars on the inferred parameters. We give the first…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-03-19 M. Bazot , S. Bourguignon , J. Christensen-Dalsgaard

Stochastic epidemic models describe the dynamics of an epidemic as a disease spreads through a population. Typically, only a fraction of cases are observed at a set of discrete times. The absence of complete information about the time…

Computation · Statistics 2017-02-14 Jonathan Fintzi , Xiang Cui , Jon Wakefield , Vladimir N. Minin

In this article we consider static Bayesian parameter estimation for partially observed diffusions that are discretely observed. We work under the assumption that one must resort to discretizing the underlying diffusion process, for…

Computation · Statistics 2017-01-23 Ajay Jasra , Kengo Kamatani , Kody J. H. Law , Yan Zhou

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a widely used sampling method in modern artificial intelligence and probabilistic computing systems. It involves repetitive random number generations and thus often dominates the latency of probabilistic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yihan Fu , Daijing Shi , Anjunyi Fan , Wenshuo Yue , Yuchao Yang , Ru Huang , Bonan Yan

In parameter estimation problems one computes a posterior distribution over uncertain parameters defined jointly by a prior distribution, a model, and noisy data. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is often used for the numerical solution of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Matthias Morzfeld , Marcus S. Day , Ray W. Grout , George Shu Heng Pau , Stefan A. Finsterle , John B. Bell

To sample from a given target distribution, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling relies on constructing an ergodic Markov chain with the target distribution as its invariant measure. For any MCMC method, an important question is how to…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Federica Milinanni , Pierre Nyquist

This paper introduces a Bayesian framework that combines Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, dimensionality reduction, and neural density estimation to efficiently handle inverse problems that (i) must be solved multiple times, and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Giacomo Bottacini , Matteo Torzoni , Andrea Manzoni

Foundation models, often pre-trained with large-scale data, have achieved paramount success in jump-starting various vision and language applications. Recent advances further enable adapting foundation models in downstream tasks efficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Dequan Wang , Xiaosong Wang , Lilong Wang , Mengzhang Li , Qian Da , Xiaoqiang Liu , Xiangyu Gao , Jun Shen , Junjun He , Tian Shen , Qi Duan , Jie Zhao , Kang Li , Yu Qiao , Shaoting Zhang

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are ubiquitous tools for simulation-based inference in many fields but designing and identifying good MCMC samplers is still an open question. This paper introduces a novel MCMC algorithm, namely,…

Inferring directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from data via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is computationally challenging in moderate-to-high dimensional settings because their discrete sampling space grows super-exponentially with the number…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Morris Greenberg , Kieran R Campbell , Radu Craiu