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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) has important implications for the future of human-agent teaming. We show that improved performance with multi-agent RL is not a guarantee of the collaborative behavior thought to be important for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Sean L. Barton , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Erin Zaroukian , Derrik E. Asher

We study what actually works and what doesn't for training large language models as agents via multi-turn reinforcement learning. Despite rapid progress, existing frameworks and definitions are fragmented, and there is no systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ruiyi Wang , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

In tabular multi-agent reinforcement learning with average-cost criterion, a team of agents sequentially interacts with the environment and observes local incentives. We focus on the case that the global reward is a sum of local rewards,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Alec Koppel , Amrit Singh Bedi , Bhargav Ganguly , Vaneet Aggarwal

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Present bias, the tendency to overvalue immediate rewards while undervaluing future ones, is a well-known barrier to achieving long-term goals. As artificial intelligence and behavioral economics increasingly focus on this phenomenon, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Yasunori Akagi , Hideaki Kim , Takeshi Kurashima

Achieving cooperation among self-interested agents remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Recent work showed that mutual cooperation can be induced between "learning-aware" agents that account for and shape…

Formation strategy is one of the most important parts of many multi-agent systems with many applications in real world problems. In this paper, a framework for learning this task in a limited domain (restricted environment) is proposed. In…

We present a machine learning framework for multi-agent systems to learn both the optimal policy for maximizing the rewards and the encoding of the high dimensional visual observation. The encoding is useful for sharing local visual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Hyung-Jin Yoon , Huaiyu Chen , Kehan Long , Heling Zhang , Aditya Gahlawat , Donghwan Lee , Naira Hovakimyan

Learning algorithms are often used to make decisions in sequential decision-making environments. In multi-agent settings, the decisions of each agent can affect the utilities/losses of the other agents. Therefore, if an agent is good at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Angelos Assos , Yuval Dagan , Constantinos Daskalakis

Advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) enable sequential decision making for a range of exciting multi-agent applications such as cooperative AI and autonomous driving. Explaining agent decisions is crucial for improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kayla Boggess , Sarit Kraus , Lu Feng

Simulation of population dynamics is a central research theme in computational biology, which contributes to understanding the interactions between predators and preys. Conventional mathematical tools of this theme, however, are incapable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Jun Yamada , John Shawe-Taylor , Zafeirios Fountas

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

Modern multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms hold great potential for solving a variety of real-world problems. However, they do not fully exploit cross-agent knowledge to reduce sample complexity and improve performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Haozhi Wang , Yinchuan Li , Qing Wang , Yunfeng Shao , Jianye Hao

A fundamental aspect of behaviour is the ability to encode salient features of experience in memory and use these memories, in combination with current sensory information, to predict the best action for each situation such that long-term…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stephen Kelly , Tatiana Voegerl , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Cedric Gondro

Recently, empowered with the powerful capabilities of neural networks, reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully tackled numerous challenging tasks. However, while these models demonstrate enhanced decision-making abilities, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhengpeng Xie , Yulong Zhang

Assessing the systemic effects of uncertainty that arises from agents' partial observation of the true states of the world is critical for understanding a wide range of scenarios. Yet, previous modeling work on agent learning and…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-04-15 Wolfram Barfuss , Richard P. Mann

Decision makers often aim to learn a treatment assignment policy under a capacity constraint on the number of agents that they can treat. When agents can respond strategically to such policies, competition arises, complicating estimation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-31 Roshni Sahoo , Stefan Wager

We study the problem of learning exploration-exploitation strategies that effectively adapt to dynamic environments, where the task may change over time. While RNN-based policies could in principle represent such strategies, in practice…

We present an approach for the quantification of the usefulness of transfer in reinforcement learning via regret bounds for a multi-agent setting. Considering a number of $\aleph$ agents operating in the same Markov decision process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Adrienne Tuynman , Ronald Ortner

The deployment of decision-making AI agents presents a critical challenge in maintaining alignment with human values or guidelines while operating in complex, dynamic environments. Agents trained solely to achieve their objectives may adopt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Dena Mujtaba , Brian Hu , Anthony Hoogs , Arslan Basharat