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This paper introduces a decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning framework enabling structurally heterogeneous teams of agents to jointly discover and acquire randomly located targets in environments characterized by partial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Gabriele Calzolari , Vidya Sumathy , Christoforos Kanellakis , George Nikolakopoulos

The study of emergent communication has been dedicated to interactive artificial intelligence. While existing work focuses on communication about single objects or complex image scenes, we argue that communicating relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yicheng Feng , Boshi An , Zongqing Lu

The literature in modern machine learning has only negative results for learning to communicate between competitive agents using standard RL. We introduce a modified sender-receiver game to study the spectrum of partially-competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Michael Noukhovitch , Travis LaCroix , Angeliki Lazaridou , Aaron Courville

This paper introduces a novel transfer learning framework for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning. The approach automatically combines goal-conditioned policies with temporal contrastive learning to discover meaningful sub-goals. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Weihao Zeng , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant results, most notably by leveraging the representation-learning abilities of deep neural networks. However, large centralized approaches quickly become…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Nikunj Gupta , G Srinivasaraghavan , Swarup Kumar Mohalik , Nishant Kumar , Matthew E. Taylor

In typical multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems, communication is important for agents to share information and make the right decisions. However, due to the complexity of training multi-agent communication, existing methods…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xuyan Ma , Yawen Wang , Junjie Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Boyu Wu , Shoubin Li , Fanjiang Xu , Qing Wang

This paper addresses the limitations of a single agent in task decomposition and collaboration during complex task execution, and proposes a multi-agent architecture for modular task decomposition and dynamic collaboration based on large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shuaidong Pan , Di Wu

Multi-agent LLM systems improve reasoning by combining outputs from multiple agents, but interaction-heavy methods can introduce error propagation and high communication overhead. When agents exchange raw responses or reasoning traces,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yi Li , Songtao Wei , Dongming Jiang , Zhichun Guo , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

Human intelligence has the remarkable ability to quickly adapt to new tasks and environments. Starting from a very young age, humans acquire new skills and learn how to solve new tasks either by imitating the behavior of others or by…

We propose a targeted communication architecture for multi-agent reinforcement learning, where agents learn both what messages to send and whom to address them to while performing cooperative tasks in partially-observable environments. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Abhishek Das , Théophile Gervet , Joshua Romoff , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh , Michael Rabbat , Joelle Pineau

With the increasing prevalence and diversity of robots interacting in the real world, there is need for flexible, on-the-fly planning and cooperation. Large Language Models are starting to be explored in a multimodal setup for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-01 William Hunt , Toby Godfrey , Mohammad D. Soorati

Humans generally use natural language to communicate task requirements to each other. Ideally, natural language should also be usable for communicating goals to autonomous machines (e.g., robots) to minimize friction in task specification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Li Zhou , Kevin Small

The rapid development of the Large Language Model (LLM) presents huge opportunities for 6G communications, e.g., network optimization and management by allowing users to input task requirements to LLMs by nature language. However, directly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Feibo Jiang , Li Dong , Yubo Peng , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang , Cunhua Pan , Dusit Niyato , Octavia A. Dobre

Traditional methods plan feasible paths for multiple agents in the stochastic environment. However, the methods' iterations with the changes in the environment result in computation complexities, especially for the decentralized agents…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Qizhen Wu , Kexin Liu , Lei Chen , Jinhu Lü

Goal-oriented conversational agents are becoming prevalent in our daily lives. For these systems to engage users and achieve their goals, they need to exhibit appropriate social behavior as well as provide informative replies that guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Yi-Chia Wang , Alexandros Papangelis , Runze Wang , Zhaleh Feizollahi , Gokhan Tur , Robert Kraut

Neural agents trained in reinforcement learning settings can learn to communicate among themselves via discrete tokens, accomplishing as a team what agents would be unable to do alone. However, the current standard of using one-hot vectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Mycal Tucker , Huao Li , Siddharth Agrawal , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara , Michael Lewis , Julie Shah

Eliciting cooperation in multi-agent LLM systems is critical for AI alignment. We investigate two approaches: direct communication and curriculum learning. In a 4-player Stag Hunt, a one-word "cheap talk" channel increases cooperation from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hachem Madmoun , Salem Lahlou

Differential Case Marking (DCM) refers to the phenomenon where grammatical case marking is applied selectively based on semantic, pragmatic, or other factors. The emergence of DCM has been studied in artificial language learning experiments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yuchen Lian , Arianna Bisazza , Tessa Verhoef

Building dialog agents that can converse naturally with humans is a challenging yet intriguing problem of artificial intelligence. In open-domain human-computer conversation, where the conversational agent is expected to respond to human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Tom Young , Erik Cambria , Iti Chaturvedi , Minlie Huang , Hao Zhou , Subham Biswas

Effective communication requires adapting to the idiosyncrasies of each communicative context--such as the common ground shared with each partner. Humans demonstrate this ability to specialize to their audience in many contexts, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Aaditya K. Singh , David Ding , Andrew Saxe , Felix Hill , Andrew K. Lampinen