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We consider a fully cooperative multi-agent system where agents cooperate to maximize a system's utility in a partial-observable environment. We propose that multi-agent systems must have the ability to (1) communicate and understand the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Jianyu Su , Stephen Adams , Peter A. Beling

This paper introduces a methodology through which a population of autonomous agents can establish a linguistic convention that enables them to refer to arbitrary entities that they observe in their environment. The linguistic convention…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jérôme Botoko Ekila , Jens Nevens , Lara Verheyen , Katrien Beuls , Paul Van Eecke

Communication is an effective mechanism for coordinating the behaviors of multiple agents, broadening their views of the environment, and to support their collaborations. In the field of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL),…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Changxi Zhu , Mehdi Dastani , Shihan Wang

Emergent communication offers insight into how agents develop shared structured representations, yet most research assumes homogeneous modalities or aligned representational spaces, overlooking the perceptual heterogeneity of real-world…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Naomi Pitzer , Daniela Mihai

We introduce a novel category of GC-agents capable of functioning as both teachers and learners. Leveraging action-based demonstrations and language-based instructions, these agents enhance communication efficiency. We investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

There is growing interest in studying the languages that emerge when neural agents are jointly trained to solve tasks requiring communication through a discrete channel. We investigate here the information-theoretic complexity of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Eugene Kharitonov , Rahma Chaabouni , Diane Bouchacourt , Marco Baroni

Language is a powerful communicative and cognitive tool. It enables humans to express thoughts, share intentions, and reason about complex phenomena. Despite our fluency in using and understanding language, the question of how it arises and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Maytus Piriyajitakonkij , Rujikorn Charakorn , Weicheng Tao , Wei Pan , Mingfei Sun , Cheston Tan , Mengmi Zhang

A distinguishing property of human intelligence is the ability to flexibly use language in order to communicate complex ideas with other humans in a variety of contexts. Research in natural language dialogue should focus on designing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-13 Jon Gauthier , Igor Mordatch

Many tasks in AI require the collaboration of multiple agents. Typically, the communication protocol between agents is manually specified and not altered during training. In this paper we explore a simple neural model, called CommNet, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

Collaborative decision making in multi-agent systems typically requires a predefined communication protocol among agents. Usually, agent-level observations are locally processed and information is exchanged using the predefined protocol,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Homagni Saha , Vijay Venkataraman , Alberto Speranzon , Soumik Sarkar

The main approach to evaluating communication is by assessing how well it facilitates coordination. If two or more individuals can coordinate through communication, it is generally assumed that they understand one another. We investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nikolaos Kondylidis , Anil Yaman , Frank van Harmelen , Erman Acar , Annette ten Teije

Humans use language to collectively execute abstract strategies besides using it as a referential tool for identifying physical entities. Recently, multiple attempts at replicating the process of emergence of language in artificial agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Shubham Gupta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Natural language has long enabled human cooperation, but its lossy, ambiguous, and indirect nature limits the potential of collective intelligence. While machines are not subject to these constraints, most LLM-based multi-agent systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yujia Zheng , Zhuokai Zhao , Zijian Li , Yaqi Xie , Mingze Gao , Lizhu Zhang , Kun Zhang

Learning to communicate is considered an essential task to develop a general AI. While recent literature in language evolution has studied emergent language through discrete or continuous message symbols, there has been little work in the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Shresth Verma , Joydip Dhar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing but exhibit limitations, particularly in autonomously addressing novel challenges such as reasoning and problem-solving. Traditional techniques like…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Sumedh Rasal

The task of conducting visually grounded dialog involves learning goal-oriented cooperative dialog between autonomous agents who exchange information about a scene through several rounds of questions and answers in natural language. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Akshat Agarwal , Swaminathan Gurumurthy , Vasu Sharma , Mike Lewis , Katia Sycara

We study emergent communication in a multi-agent reinforcement learning setting, where the agents solve cooperative tasks and have access to a communication channel. The communication channel may consist of either discrete symbols or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 John Isak Fjellvang Villanger , Troels Arnfred Bojesen

Explicit communication among humans is key to coordinating and learning. Social learning, which uses cues from experts, can greatly benefit from the usage of explicit communication to align heterogeneous policies, reduce sample complexity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Seth Karten , Siva Kailas , Huao Li , Katia Sycara

Information exchange in multi-agent systems improves the cooperation among agents, especially in partially observable settings. In the real world, communication is often carried out over imperfect channels. This requires agents to handle…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jannis Weil , Gizem Ekinci , Heinz Koeppl , Tobias Meuser

One of the long-term goals of artificial intelligence is to build an agent that can communicate intelligently with human in natural language. Most existing work on natural language learning relies heavily on training over a pre-collected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Haichao Zhang , Haonan Yu , Wei Xu