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Eye gaze estimation and simultaneous semantic understanding of a user through eye images is a crucial component in Virtual and Mixed Reality; enabling energy efficient rendering, multi-focal displays and effective interaction with 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Zhengyang Wu , Srivignesh Rajendran , Tarrence van As , Joelle Zimmermann , Vijay Badrinarayanan , Andrew Rabinovich

Robust gaze estimation is a challenging task, even for deep CNNs, due to the non-availability of large-scale labeled data. Moreover, gaze annotation is a time-consuming process and requires specialized hardware setups. We propose MTGLS: a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Shreya Ghosh , Munawar Hayat , Abhinav Dhall , Jarrod Knibbe

Appearance-based gaze estimation has attracted more and more attention because of its wide range of applications. The use of deep convolutional neural networks has improved the accuracy significantly. In order to improve the estimation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Zhaokang Chen , Bertram E. Shi

Common computational methods for automated eye movement detection - i.e. the task of detecting different types of eye movement in a continuous stream of gaze data - are limited in that they either involve thresholding on hand-crafted signal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Sabrina Hoppe , Andreas Bulling

Effective assisted living environments must be able to perform inferences on how their occupants interact with one another as well as with surrounding objects. To accomplish this goal using a vision-based automated approach, multiple tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Philipe A. Dias , Damiano Malafronte , Henry Medeiros , Francesca Odone

Scene understanding plays an important role in several high-level computer vision applications, such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent video surveillance, or robotics. However, too few solutions have been proposed for indoor/outdoor scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ayman Beghdadi , Azeddine Beghdadi , Mohib Ullah , Faouzi Alaya Cheikh , Malik Mallem

Gaze prediction is a diverse field of study with multiple research focuses and practical applications. This article investigates how recurrent neural networks and transformers perform short-term gaze prediction. We used three models: a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Kateryna Melnyk , Lee Friedman , Oleg Komogortsev

We explore techniques for eye gaze estimation using machine learning. Eye gaze estimation is a common problem for various behavior analysis and human-computer interfaces. The purpose of this work is to discuss various model types for eye…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Aveena Kottwani , Ayush Kumar

We address the problem of gaze target estimation, which aims to predict where a person is looking in a scene. Predicting a person's gaze target requires reasoning both about the person's appearance and the contents of the scene. Prior works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Fiona Ryan , Ajay Bati , Sangmin Lee , Daniel Bolya , Judy Hoffman , James M. Rehg

Real-time object detection in AR/VR systems faces critical computational constraints, requiring sub-10\,ms latency within tight power budgets. Inspired by biological foveal vision, we propose a two-stage pipeline that combines…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Neeraj Solanki , Hong Ding , Sepehr Tabrizchi , Ali Shafiee Sarvestani , Shaahin Angizi , David Z. Pan , Arman Roohi

This paper introduces neck-mounted view gaze estimation, a new task that estimates user gaze from the neck-mounted camera perspective. Prior work on egocentric gaze estimation, which predicts device wearer's gaze location within the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoyu Huang , Yoichi Sato

The vast quantity of strong galaxy-galaxy gravitational lenses expected by future large-scale surveys necessitates the development of automated methods to efficiently model their mass profiles. For this purpose, we train an approximate…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 James Pearson , Jacob Maresca , Nan Li , Simon Dye

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yihua Cheng , Haofei Wang , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

Predicting gaze behavior in virtual reality environments remains a significant challenge with implications for rendering optimization and interface design. This paper introduces a multimodal approach to VR gaze prediction that combines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farhaan Ebadulla , Chiraag Mudlpaur , Shreya Chaurasia , Gaurav BV

Recently, there has been a growing interest in predicting human motion, which involves forecasting future body poses based on observed pose sequences. This task is complex due to modeling spatial and temporal relationships. The most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Hongwei Ren , Yuhong Shi , Kewei Liang

A major challenge for physically unconstrained gaze estimation is acquiring training data with 3D gaze annotations for in-the-wild and outdoor scenarios. In contrast, videos of human interactions in unconstrained environments are abundantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Rakshit Kothari , Shalini De Mello , Umar Iqbal , Wonmin Byeon , Seonwook Park , Jan Kautz

Appearance-based gaze estimation frequently relies on deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These models are accurate, but computationally expensive and act as "black boxes", offering little interpretability. Geometric methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Daniele Agostinelli , Thomas Agostinelli , Andrea Generosi , Maura Mengoni

Gaze estimation methods commonly use facial appearances to predict the direction of a person gaze. However, previous studies show three major challenges with convolutional neural network (CNN)-based, transformer-based, and contrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xinyuan Zhao , Yihang Wu , Ahmad Chaddad , Sarah A. Alkhodair , Reem Kateb

Gaze estimation has grown rapidly in accuracy in recent years. However, these models often fail to take advantage of different computer vision (CV) algorithms and techniques (such as small ResNet and Inception networks and ensemble models)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Rishi Athavale , Lakshmi Sritan Motati , Rohan Kalahasty

Developing gaze estimation models that generalize well to unseen domains and in-the-wild conditions remains a challenge with no known best solution. This is mostly due to the difficulty of acquiring ground truth data that cover the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Evangelos Ververas , Polydefkis Gkagkos , Jiankang Deng , Michail Christos Doukas , Jia Guo , Stefanos Zafeiriou