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Precision medicine aims to tailor therapeutic decisions to individual patient characteristics. This objective is commonly formalized through dynamic treatment regimes, which use statistical and machine learning methods to derive sequential…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Sophia Yazzourh , Erica E. M. Moodie

We typically construct optimal designs based on a single objective function. To better capture the breadth of an experiment's goals, we could instead construct a multiple objective optimal design based on multiple objective functions. While…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-09 Lucy L. Gao , Jane J. Ye , Shangzhi Zeng , Julie Zhou

We consider maximin and Bayesian $D$-optimal designs for nonlinear regression models. The maximin criterion requires the specification of a region for the nonlinear parameters in the model, while the Bayesian optimality criterion assumes…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Dietrich Braess , Holger Dette

A main research goal in various studies is to use an observational data set and provide a new set of counterfactual guidelines that can yield causal improvements. Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are widely studied to formalize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Soroush Saghafian

Predictive modeling is increasingly being employed to assist human decision-makers. One purported advantage of replacing or augmenting human judgment with computer models in high stakes settings-- such as sentencing, hiring, policing,…

Applications · Statistics 2017-03-16 James E. Johndrow , Kristian Lum

We consider a social planner faced with a stream of myopic selfish agents. The goal of the social planner is to maximize the social welfare, however, it is limited to using only information asymmetry (regarding previous outcomes) and cannot…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Lee Cohen , Yishay Mansour

In this work, we empirically examine human-AI decision-making in the presence of explanations based on predicted outcomes. This type of explanation provides a human decision-maker with expected consequences for each decision alternative at…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Johannes Jakubik , Jakob Schöffer , Vincent Hoge , Michael Vössing , Niklas Kühl

Decision-theoretic planning with risk-sensitive planning objectives is important for building autonomous agents or decision-support systems for real-world applications. However, this line of research has been largely ignored in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Yaxin Liu , Sven Koenig

A key challenge in the application of evolutionary algorithms in practice is the selection of an algorithm instance that best suits the problem at hand. What complicates this decision further is that different algorithms may be best suited…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Furong Ye , Carola Doerr , Thomas Bäck

Tie-breaker designs trade off a statistical design objective with short-term gain from preferentially assigning a binary treatment to those with high values of a running variable $x$. The design objective is any continuous function of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Harrison H. Li , Art B. Owen

Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are considered a promising recipe to deliver better policy interventions. One key ingredient in optimal ITR estimation problems is to estimate the average treatment effect conditional on a subject's…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-16 Hongming Pu , Bo Zhang

Existing approaches to algorithmic fairness aim to ensure equitable outcomes if human decision-makers comply perfectly with algorithmic decisions. However, perfect compliance with the algorithm is rarely a reality or even a desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haosen Ge , Hamsa Bastani , Osbert Bastani

Expert decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes AI-assisted decision-making (AIaDM) settings receive and reconcile recommendations from AI systems before making their final decisions. We identify distinct properties of these settings which are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Nicholas Wolczynski , Maytal Saar-Tsechansky , Tong Wang

As AI becomes more prevalent throughout society, effective methods of integrating humans and AI systems that leverage their respective strengths and mitigate risk have become an important priority. In this paper, we introduce the paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiayi Wang , Zhengling Qi , Chengchun Shi

We present a method for determining optimal modes of operation for autonomously oscillating systems with uncertain parameters. In a typical application of the method, a nonlinear dynamical system is optimized with respect to an economic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-08-20 Darya Kastsian , Martin Mönnigmann

Predictive modeling is increasingly being employed to assist human decision-makers. One purported advantage of replacing human judgment with computer models in high stakes settings-- such as sentencing, hiring, policing, college admissions,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-27 Kristian Lum , James Johndrow

We introduce a novel framework for human-AI collaboration in prediction and decision tasks. Our approach leverages human judgment to distinguish inputs which are algorithmically indistinguishable, or "look the same" to any feasible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Rohan Alur , Loren Laine , Darrick K. Li , Dennis Shung , Manish Raghavan , Devavrat Shah

The need for fast and robust optimization algorithms are of critical importance in all areas of machine learning. This paper treats the task of designing optimization algorithms as an optimal control problem. Using regret as a metric for an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Philippe Casgrain , Anastasis Kratsios

In this study, we investigated the application of bio-inspired optimization algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Whale Optimization Algorithm, for feature selection in chronic disease prediction. The…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Abeer Dyoub , Ivan Letteri

In clinical practice, physicians make a series of treatment decisions over the course of a patient's disease based on his/her baseline and evolving characteristics. A dynamic treatment regime is a set of sequential decision rules that…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-04 Phillip J. Schulte , Anastasios A. Tsiatis , Eric B. Laber , Marie Davidian