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Introduced by Hinton et al. in 2012, dropout has stood the test of time as a regularizer for preventing overfitting in neural networks. In this study, we demonstrate that dropout can also mitigate underfitting when used at the start of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhuang Liu , Zhiqiu Xu , Joseph Jin , Zhiqiang Shen , Trevor Darrell

Overfitting is a major problem in training machine learning models, specifically deep neural networks. This problem may be caused by imbalanced datasets and initialization of the model parameters, which conforms the model too closely to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Hojjat Salehinejad , Shahrokh Valaee

Learning meaningful representations using deep neural networks involves designing efficient training schemes and well-structured networks. Currently, the method of stochastic gradient descent that has a momentum with dropout is one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-15 Taehoon Lee , Minsuk Choi , Sungroh Yoon

With the growing attention on learning-to-learn new tasks using only a few examples, meta-learning has been widely used in numerous problems such as few-shot classification, reinforcement learning, and domain generalization. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Hung-Yu Tseng , Yi-Wen Chen , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Sifei Liu , Yen-Yu Lin , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Dropout is a powerful and widely used technique to regularize the training of deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce a simple regularization strategy upon dropout in model training, namely R-Drop, which forces the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Xiaobo Liang , Lijun Wu , Juntao Li , Yue Wang , Qi Meng , Tao Qin , Wei Chen , Min Zhang , Tie-Yan Liu

We introduce Dynamic Dropout, a novel regularization technique designed to enhance the training efficiency of Transformer models by dynamically adjusting the dropout rate based on training epochs or validation loss improvements. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Hanrui Yan , Dan Shao

Deep neural networks are typically trained by uniformly sampling large datasets across epochs, despite evidence that not all samples contribute equally throughout learning. Recent work shows that progressively reducing the amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Amar Gahir , Varshil Patel , Shreyank N Gowda

Overfitting is a well-known issue extending even to state-of-the-art (SOTA) Machine Learning (ML) models, resulting in reduced generalization, and a significant train-test performance gap. Mitigation measures include a combination of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shreyas Gururaj , Lars Grüne , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Leander Weber

Deep neural networks with their large number of parameters are highly flexible learning systems. The high flexibility in such networks brings with some serious problems such as overfitting, and regularization is used to address this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-20 Beyza Ermis , Ali Taylan Cemgil

Regularization is commonly used for alleviating overfitting in machine learning. For convolutional neural networks (CNNs), regularization methods, such as DropBlock and Shake-Shake, have illustrated the improvement in the generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Yi Wang , Zhen-Peng Bian , Junhui Hou , Lap-Pui Chau

Dropout has been proven to be an effective algorithm for training robust deep networks because of its ability to prevent overfitting by avoiding the co-adaptation of feature detectors. Current explanations of dropout include bagging, naive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Xu Shen , Xinmei Tian , Tongliang Liu , Fang Xu , Dacheng Tao

One major challenge in training Deep Neural Networks is preventing overfitting. Many techniques such as data augmentation and novel regularizers such as Dropout have been proposed to prevent overfitting without requiring a massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Michael Cogswell , Faruk Ahmed , Ross Girshick , Larry Zitnick , Dhruv Batra

Dropout is a widely used regularization technique in deep learning, but its effects are typically realized through stochastic masking rather than explicit optimization objectives. We propose a deterministic formulation that expresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Vidhi Agrawal , Illia Oleksiienko , Alexandros Iosifidis

Recently, dropout has seen increasing use in deep learning. For deep convolutional neural networks, dropout is known to work well in fully-connected layers. However, its effect in convolutional and pooling layers is still not clear. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-02 Haibing Wu , Xiaodong Gu

Successful application processing sequential data, such as text and speech, requires an improved generalization performance of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Dropout techniques for RNNs were introduced to respond to these demands, but we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Sungrae Park , Kyungwoo Song , Mingi Ji , Wonsung Lee , Il-Chul Moon

Regularisation of deep neural networks (DNN) during training is critical to performance. By far the most popular method is known as dropout. Here, cast through the prism of signal processing theory, we compare and contrast the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-27 Andrew J. R. Simpson

The cross-entropy loss commonly used in deep learning is closely related to the defining properties of optimal representations, but does not enforce some of the key properties. We show that this can be solved by adding a regularization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-14 Alessandro Achille , Stefano Soatto

Regularization is essential when training large neural networks. As deep neural networks can be mathematically interpreted as universal function approximators, they are effective at memorizing sampling noise in the training data. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-06 Jan Rudy , Weiguang Ding , Daniel Jiwoong Im , Graham W. Taylor

We present a simple regularization technique for Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units. Dropout, the most successful technique for regularizing neural networks, does not work well with RNNs and LSTMs. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Wojciech Zaremba , Ilya Sutskever , Oriol Vinyals

Continual learning of deep neural networks is a key requirement for scaling them up to more complex applicative scenarios and for achieving real lifelong learning of these architectures. Previous approaches to the problem have considered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Aurelio Uncini