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The Koopman operator approach provides a powerful linear description of nonlinear dynamical systems in terms of the evolution of observables. While the operator is typically infinite-dimensional, it is crucial to develop finite-dimensional…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Rishikesh Yadav , Alexandre Mauroy

We present DLKoopman -- a software package for Koopman theory that uses deep learning to learn an encoding of a nonlinear dynamical system into a linear space, while simultaneously learning the linear dynamics. While several previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Sourya Dey , Eric Davis

We propose a novel framework for learning linear time-invariant (LTI) models for a class of continuous-time non-autonomous nonlinear dynamics based on a representation of Koopman operators. In general, the operator is infinite-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Petar Bevanda , Max Beier , Shahab Heshmati-Alamdari , Stefan Sosnowski , Sandra Hirche

The Koopman operator approach to the state estimation problem for nonlinear systems is a promising research area. The main goal of this paper is an attempt to provide a rigorous theoretical framework for this approach. In particular, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Judicaël Mohet , Alexandre Mauroy , Joseph J. Winkin

Koopman operator theory and Willems' fundamental lemma both can provide (approximated) data-driven linear representation for nonlinear systems. However, choosing lifting functions for the Koopman operator is challenging, and the quality of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Xu Shang , Jorge Cortés , Yang Zheng

Accurate modeling and control of autonomous vehicles remain a fundamental challenge due to the nonlinear and coupled nature of vehicle dynamics. While Koopman operator theory offers a framework for deploying powerful linear control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Mohammad Abtahi , Farhang Motallebi Araghi , Navid Mojahed , Shima Nazari

This paper presents a novel episodic method to learn a robot's nonlinear dynamics model and an increasingly optimal control sequence for a set of tasks. The method is based on the {\em Koopman operator} approach to nonlinear dynamical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Carl Folkestad , Daniel Pastor , Joel W. Burdick

We present a theory of causality in dynamical systems using Koopman operators. Our theory is grounded on a rigorous definition of causal mechanism in dynamical systems given in terms of flow maps. In the Koopman framework, we prove that…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Adam Rupe , Derek DeSantis , Craig Bakker , Parvathi Kooloth , Jian Lu

We exploit the key idea that nonlinear system identification is equivalent to linear identification of the socalled Koopman operator. Instead of considering nonlinear system identification in the state space, we obtain a novel linear…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Alexandre Mauroy , Jorge Goncalves

Externally driven dense packings of particles can exhibit nonlinear wave phenomena that are not described by effective medium theory or linearized approximate models. Such nontrivial wave responses can be exploited to design…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-26 Atoosa Parsa , James Bagrow , Corey S. O'Hern , Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio , Josh Bongard

This paper presents a data-learned linear Koopman embedding of nonlinear networked dynamics and uses it to enable real-time model predictive emergency voltage control in a power network. The approach involves a novel data-driven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-06 Ramij R. Hossain , Rahmat Adesunkanmi , Ratnesh Kumar

Koopman operators model nonlinear dynamics as a linear dynamic system acting on a nonlinear function as the state. This nonstandard state is often called a Koopman observable and is usually approximated numerically by a superposition of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Charles A. Johnson , Shara Balakrishnan , Enoch Yeung

Koopman spectral analysis has attracted attention for nonlinear dynamical systems since we can analyze nonlinear dynamics with a linear regime by embedding data into a Koopman space by a nonlinear function. For the analysis, we need to find…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-10 Tomoharu Iwata , Yoshinobu Kawahara

The Koopman framework is a popular approach to transform a finite dimensional nonlinear system into an infinite dimensional, but linear model through a lifting process, using so-called observable functions. While there is an extensive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Lucian Cristian Iacob , Maarten Schoukens , Roland Tóth

A popular technique used to obtain linear representations of nonlinear systems is the so-called Koopman approach, where the nonlinear dynamics are lifted to a (possibly infinite dimensional) linear space through nonlinear functions called…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Lucian Cristian Iacob , Roland Tóth , Maarten Schoukens

Koopman-based learning methods can potentially be practical and powerful tools for dynamical robotic systems. However, common methods to construct Koopman representations seek to learn lifted linear models that cannot capture nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Carl Folkestad , Joel W. Burdick

The Distributional Koopman Operator (DKO) is introduced as a way to perform Koopman analysis on random dynamical systems where only aggregate distribution data is available, thereby eliminating the need for particle tracking or detailed…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Maria Oprea , Alex Townsend , Yunan Yang

Controlling robots with strongly nonlinear, high-dimensional dynamics remains challenging, as direct nonlinear optimization with safety constraints is often intractable in real time. The Koopman operator offers a way to represent nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Sebin Jung , Abulikemu Abuduweili , Jiaxing Li , Changliu Liu

Nonlinear ordinary differential equations can rarely be solved analytically. Koopman operator theory provides a way to solve nonlinear systems by mapping nonlinear dynamics to a linear space using eigenfunctions. Unfortunately, finding such…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-08-19 Megan Morrison , J. Nathan Kutz

Learning tractable linear representations of nonlinear dynamical systems via Koopman operator theory is often hindered by dictionary selection, temporal memory encoding, and numerical ill-conditioning. Inspired by Reservoir Computing (RC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Weibin Gu , Chen Yang , Lu Shi