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We prove that a single-layer neural network trained with the online actor critic algorithm converges in distribution to a random ordinary differential equation (ODE) as the number of hidden units and the number of training steps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Samuel Chun-Hei Lam , Justin Sirignano , Ziheng Wang

In this paper, we devise a distributional framework on actor-critic as a solution to distributional instability, action type restriction, and conflation between samples and statistics. We propose a new method that minimizes the Cram\'er…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Daniel Wontae Nam , Younghoon Kim , Chan Y. Park

The two-time scale nature of SAC, which is an actor-critic algorithm, is characterised by the fact that the critic estimate has not converged for the actor at any given time, but since the critic learns faster than the actor, it ensures…

Actor-critic methods integrating target networks have exhibited a stupendous empirical success in deep reinforcement learning. However, a theoretical understanding of the use of target networks in actor-critic methods is largely missing in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi , Julien Lehmann

Despite definite success in deep reinforcement learning problems, actor-critic algorithms are still confronted with sample inefficiency in complex environments, particularly in tasks where efficient exploration is a bottleneck. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Yannis Flet-Berliac , Johan Ferret , Olivier Pietquin , Philippe Preux , Matthieu Geist

We provide a new global small-gain theorem for feedback interconnections of monotone input-output systems with multi-valued input-state characteristics. This extends a recent small-gain theorem of Angeli and Sontag for monotone systems with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Malisoff , Patrick de Leenheer

In partially observable reinforcement learning, offline training gives access to latent information which is not available during online training and/or execution, such as the system state. Asymmetric actor-critic methods exploit such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Andrea Baisero , Christopher Amato

In this work, we consider policy-based methods for solving the reinforcement learning problem, and establish the sample complexity guarantees. A policy-based algorithm typically consists of an actor and a critic. We consider using various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Zaiwei Chen , Siva Theja Maguluri

Actor-critic methods are widely used in offline reinforcement learning practice, but are not so well-understood theoretically. We propose a new offline actor-critic algorithm that naturally incorporates the pessimism principle, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Andrea Zanette , Martin J. Wainwright , Emma Brunskill

Actor-critic algorithms have become a cornerstone in reinforcement learning (RL), leveraging the strengths of both policy-based and value-based methods. Despite recent progress in understanding their statistical efficiency, no existing work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-07 Kevin Tan , Wei Fan , Yuting Wei

We study the global convergence and global optimality of actor-critic, one of the most popular families of reinforcement learning algorithms. While most existing works on actor-critic employ bi-level or two-timescale updates, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Zuyue Fu , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Training critiquing language models to assess and provide feedback on model outputs is a promising way to improve LLMs for complex reasoning tasks. However, existing approaches typically rely on stronger supervisors for annotating critique…

We revisit the standard formulation of tabular actor-critic algorithm as a two time-scale stochastic approximation with value function computed on a faster time-scale and policy computed on a slower time-scale. This emulates policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Shalabh Bhatnagar , Vivek S. Borkar , Soumyajit Guin

Oscillatory behavior is a key property of many biological systems. The Small-Gain Theorem (SGT) for input/output monotone systems provides a sufficient condition for global asymptotic stability of an equilibrium and hence its violation is a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 David Angeli , Eduardo D. Sontag

We address the problem of monitoring a set of binary stochastic processes and generating an alert when the number of anomalies among them exceeds a threshold. For this, the decision-maker selects and probes a subset of the processes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Geethu Joseph , M. Cenk Gursoy , Pramod K. Varshney

Deterministic-policy actor-critic algorithms for continuous control improve the actor by plugging its actions into the critic and ascending the action-value gradient, which is obtained by chaining the actor's Jacobian matrix with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Pierluca D'Oro , Wojciech Jaśkowski

Many existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods employ stochastic gradient iteration on the back end, whose stability hinges upon a hypothesis that the data-generating process mixes exponentially fast with a rate parameter that appears in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Wesley A. Suttle , Amrit Singh Bedi , Bhrij Patel , Brian M. Sadler , Alec Koppel , Dinesh Manocha

This paper extends the nonlinear ISS small-gain theorem to a large-scale time delay system composed of three or more subsystems. En route to proving this small-gain theorem for systems of differential equations with delays, a small-gain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-11-09 Shanaz Tiwari , Yuan Wang , Zhong-Ping Jiang

We develop an off-policy actor-critic algorithm for learning an optimal policy from a training set composed of data from multiple individuals. This algorithm is developed with a view towards its use in mobile health.

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-19 S. A. Murphy , Y. Deng , E. B. Laber , H. R. Maei , R. S. Sutton , K. Witkiewitz

System state estimation constitutes a key problem in several applications involving multi-agent system architectures. This rests upon the estimation of the state of each agent in the group, which is supposed to access only relative…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-16 Marco Fabris , Giulia Michieletto , Angelo Cenedese