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Quantum machine learning holds the promise of combining the success of classical machine learning methods with the power of quantum computing, however one of the largest obstacles facing the field is the problem of barren plateaus.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Tiffany Duneau , Colin Krawchuk , Anna Pearson

Two main challenges preventing efficient training of variational quantum algorithms and quantum machine learning models are local minima and barren plateaus. Typically, barren plateaus are associated with deep circuits, while shallow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Nikita A. Nemkov , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Aleksey K. Fedorov

In recent years, variational quantum circuits (VQCs) have been widely explored to advance quantum circuits against classic models on various domains, such as quantum chemistry and quantum machine learning. Similar to classic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Jack Cunningham , Jun Zhuang

Parametrized quantum circuits initialized with random initial parameter values are characterized by barren plateaus where the gradient becomes exponentially small in the number of qubits. In this technical note we theoretically motivate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Edward Grant , Leonard Wossnig , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Marcello Benedetti

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are becoming the primary computational primitive for next-generation quantum computers, particularly those embedded as resource-constrained accelerators in the emerging Quantum Internet of Things…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Ratun Rahman , Dinh C. Nguyen

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have emerged as a foundational element in the development and applications of quantum algorithms. However, when initialized with random parameter values, PQCs often exhibit barren plateaus (BP). These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Rashid , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muhammad Shafique

Variational quantum algorithms rely on gradient based optimization to iteratively minimize a cost function evaluated by measuring output(s) of a quantum processor. A barren plateau is the phenomenon of exponentially vanishing gradients in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Alexey Uvarov , Jacob Biamonte

In the search for quantum advantage with near-term quantum devices, navigating the optimization landscape is significantly hampered by the barren plateaus phenomenon. This study presents a strategy to overcome this obstacle without changing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yuhan Yao , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Variational quantum algorithms, which combine highly expressive parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) and optimization techniques in machine learning, are one of the most promising applications of a near-term quantum computer. Despite their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-07 Chae-Yeun Park , Nathan Killoran

The barren plateau phenomenon, characterized by loss gradients that vanish exponentially with system size, poses a challenge to scaling variational quantum algorithms. Here we explore the potential of warm starts, whereby one initializes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Ricard Puig , Marc Drudis , Supanut Thanasilp , Zoë Holmes

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are widely applied in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era and are expected to demonstrate quantum advantage. However, training VQAs faces difficulties, one of which is the so-called barren plateaus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Huan-Yu Liu , Tai-Ping Sun , Yu-Chun Wu , Yong-Jian Han , Guo-Ping Guo

Classical optimization of parameterized quantum circuits is a widely studied methodology for the preparation of complex quantum states, as well as the solution of machine learning and optimization problems. However, it is well known that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Abhinav Deshpande , Marcel Hinsche , Khadijeh Najafi , Kunal Sharma , Ryan Sweke , Christa Zoufal

Variational quantum computing offers a flexible computational paradigm with applications in diverse areas. However, a key obstacle to realizing their potential is the Barren Plateau (BP) phenomenon. When a model exhibits a BP, its parameter…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are a modern family of quantum algorithms designed to solve optimization problems using a quantum computer. Typically VQAs rely on a feedback loop between the quantum device and a classical optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Alexey Uvarov

Machine learning algorithms, both in their classical and quantum versions, heavily rely on optimization algorithms based on gradients, such as gradient descent and alike. The overall performance is dependent on the appearance of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-26 Pablo Bermejo , Borja Aizpurua , Roman Orus

The variational quantum algorithm (VQA) with a parametrized quantum circuit is widely applicable to near-term quantum computing, but its fundamental issues that limit optimization performance have been reported in the literature. For…

Variational quantum algorithms represent a powerful approach for solving optimization problems on noisy quantum computers, with a broad spectrum of potential applications ranging from chemistry to machine learning. However, their…

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms have been proposed as a potentially viable application of quantum computers. A particular example - the variational quantum eigensolver, or VQE - is designed to determine a global minimum in an energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Alexey Uvarov , Jacob Biamonte , Dmitry Yudin

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a promising approach to utilizing current quantum computing infrastructures. VQAs are based on a parameterized quantum circuit optimized in a closed loop via a classical algorithm. This hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 David Fitzek , Robert S. Jonsson , Werner Dobrautz , Christian Schäfer

Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for quantum machine learning in the NISQ era. While parameter sharing in VQCs can reduce the parameter space dimensionality and potentially mitigate the barren plateau…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Gerhard Stenzel , Tobias Rohe , Michael Kölle , Leo Sünkel , Jonas Stein , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien