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The relentless scaling of classical microelectronics has been enabled by the precision and reproducibility of deep-ultraviolet (DUV) optical lithography. Implementing large-scale superconducting quantum processors will require cryogenic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Hao Li , Marco Scigliuzzo , Evgenii Guzovskii , Seog-Tae Han , Kyungho Han , Tobias J. Kippenberg

Traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) have become an essential tool for the readout of quantum circuits and the search for dark matter. We report on the implementation of an rf-SQUID-based Josephson TWPA with an average saturation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Victor Gaydamachenko , Christoph Kissling , Lukas Grünhaupt

Predicting the performance of traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) based on nonlinear elements like superconducting Josephson junctions (JJs) is vital for qubit read-out in quantum computers. The purpose of this article is twofold:…

We present an analysis of wave-mixing in recently developed Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs). Circuit simulations performed using WRspice show the full behaviour of the JTWPA allowing propagation of all tones. The…

Low-noise amplification atmicrowave frequencies has become increasingly important for the research related to superconducting qubits and nanoelectromechanical systems. The fundamental limit of added noise by a phase-preserving amplifier is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-05-21 Pasi Lähteenmäki , Visa Vesterinen , Juha Hassel , G. S. Paraoanu , Heikki Seppä , Pertti Hakonen

We developed and experimentally tested a Symmetric Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (STWPA) based on Three-Wave Mixing, using the new concept of a Symmetric rf- SQUID. This allows to fully control the second and third order…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Alessandro Miano , Oleg A. Mukhanov

Traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) have recently emerged as essential tools for broadband near quantum-limited amplification. However, their use to generate microwave quantum states still misses an experimental demonstration. In…

Recently Yaakobi and co-workers [Phys. Rev. B 87, 144301 (2013)] theoretically studied four-wave mixing and parametric amplification in a nonlinear transmission line consisting of capacitively shunted Josephson junctions. By deriving and…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-08-14 Saptarshi Chaudhuri , Jiansong Gao

We develop a concept of the traveling-wave Josephson parametric amplifier exploiting quadratic nonlinearity of a serial array of one-junction SQUIDs embedded in a superconducting transmission line. The external magnetic flux applied to the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2016-09-20 A. B. Zorin

Experiments that subject underdoped $\rm{YBa_2Cu_3O_{6+x}}$ (YBCO) to intense terahertz pulses at temperatures between the transition temperature $T_c$ and the pseudogap scale $T^*$ have revealed a reflectivity edge that resembles that of…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-05-22 Marios H. Michael , Eugene Demler , Patrick Lee

Superconducting traveling-wave parametric amplifiers are a promising amplification technology suitable for applications in submillimeter astronomy. Their implementation relies on the use of Floquet transmission lines in order to create…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Javier Carrasco , Daniel Valenzuela , Claudio Falcón , Ricardo Finger , F. Patricio Mena

We present a detailed simulation and design framework for realizing traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) using the nonlinear kinetic inductance of disordered superconductors -- in our case niobium-titanium-nitride (NbTiN). These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 L. Howe , A. Giachero , M. Vissers , P. Campana , J. Wheeler , J. Gao , J. Austermann , J. Hubmayr , A. Nucciotti , J. Ullom

Detection of low-reflectivity objects can be enriched via the so-called quantum illumination procedure. In order that this quantum procedure outperforms classical detection protocols, entangled states of microwave radiation are initially…

In traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) low-loss capacitors are necessary to provide 50 $\Omega$ impedance matching to the increased inductance that is brought in by the nonlinear elements used for amplification, be it Josephson…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Christian Schlager , Romain Albert , Gerhard Kirchmair

This paper presents a detailed theoretical review of the amplification process in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs), which are crucial for quantum-limited signal amplification in superconducting circuits. The paper begins by outlining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-31 Rajlaxmi Bhoite , Shraddhanjali Choudhury

Advancing fault-tolerant quantum computing and fundamental science necessitates quantum-limited amplifiers with near-ideal quantum efficiency and multiplexing capability. However, existing solutions typically achieve one at the expense of…

Single-ended circuit topologies, and a theorem for the development thereof, are presented with which one may realize constant-resistance (or reflectionless) filters, having ideally zero reflection coefficient at all frequencies and from all…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-09 Augusto Guilabert , Matthew Morgan , Tod Boyd

We demonstrate that parametric driving of suitable collective modes in cuprate superconductors results in a reflectivity $R>1$ for frequencies in the low terahertz regime. We propose to exploit this effect for the amplification of coherent…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-03-08 Guido Homann , Jayson G. Cosme , Ludwig Mathey

Coherent, purely-dispersive three-wave mixing systems in optics and superconducting microwave circuits can be operated as parametric amplifiers, generating from a pump wave at one frequency amplified signal and idler waves at lower…

A quantum model for Josephson-based metamaterials working in the Three-Wave Mixing (3WM) and Four-Wave Mixing (4WM) regimes at the single-photon level is presented. The transmission line taken into account, namely Traveling Wave Josephson…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-12-08 Angelo Greco , Luca Fasolo , Alice Meda , Luca Callegaro , Emanuele Enrico