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Autonomous vehicles require reliable hazard detection. However, primary sensor systems may miss near-field obstacles, resulting in safety risks. Although a dedicated fast-reacting near-field monitoring system can mitigate this, it typically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Junnan Pan , Prodromos Sotiriadis , Vladislav Nenchev , Ferdinand Englberger

This paper presents a novel monitoring framework that infers the level of collision risk for autonomous vehicles (AVs) based on their object detection performance. The framework takes two sets of predictions from different algorithms and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Yingjie Xu , Chih-Hong Cheng , Hasan Esen , Alois Knoll

Besides performance, efficiency is a key design driver of technologies supporting vehicular perception. Indeed, a well-balanced trade-off between performance and energy consumption is crucial for the sustainability of autonomous vehicles.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Aitor Martinez Seras , Javier Del Ser , Pablo Garcia-Bringas

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for achieving autonomous driving due to robust decision-making capabilities. RL learns a driving policy through trial and error in traffic scenarios, guided by a reward function that…

Achieving zero-collision mobility remains a key objective for intelligent vehicle systems, which requires understanding driver risk perception-a complex cognitive process shaped by voluntary response of the driver to external stimuli and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nakul Agarwal , Yi-Ting Chen , Behzad Dariush

With the advent of state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning technologies, several industries are moving towards the field. Applications of such technologies are highly diverse ranging from natural language processing to computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Viny Saajan Victor , Pramod Vadiraja , Jan-Tobias Sohns , Heike Leitte

Open-Set Object Detection (OSOD) is crucial for autonomous driving, where perception systems must recognize and localize both known and previously unseen objects in complex, dynamic environments. While recent approaches deliver promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuchen Zhang , Yao Lu , Johannes Betz

The interactions between human and objects are important for recognizing object-centric actions. Existing methods usually adopt a two-stage pipeline, where object proposals are first detected using a pretrained detector, and then are fed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Xunsong Li , Pengzhan Sun , Yangcen Liu , Lixin Duan , Wen Li

Driver observation models are rarely deployed under perfect conditions. In practice, illumination, camera placement and type differ from the ones present during training and unforeseen behaviours may occur at any time. While observing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Alina Roitberg , Kunyu Peng , David Schneider , Kailun Yang , Marios Koulakis , Manuel Martinez , Rainer Stiefelhagen

In this paper, we show how uncertainty estimation can be leveraged to enable safety critical image segmentation in autonomous driving, by triggering a fallback behavior if a target accuracy cannot be guaranteed. We introduce a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Victor Besnier , David Picard , Alexandre Briot

The operating environment of a highly automated vehicle is subject to change, e.g., weather, illumination, or the scenario containing different objects and other participants in which the highly automated vehicle has to navigate its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Florian Heidecker , Ahmad El-Khateeb , Maarten Bieshaar , Bernhard Sick

The prediction quality of machine learnt models and the functionality they ultimately enable (e.g., object detection), is typically evaluated using a variety of quantitative metrics that are specified in the associated model performance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ganesh Pai

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez

A major challenge in the safety assessment of automated vehicles is to ensure that risk for all traffic participants is as low as possible. A concept that is becoming increasingly popular for testing in automated driving is scenario-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Maximilian Zipfl , Barbara Schütt , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

Object recognition is a crucial step in perception systems for autonomous and intelligent vehicles, as evidenced by the numerous research works in the topic. In this paper, object recognition is explored by using multisensory and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Gledson Melotti , Johann J. S. Bastos , Bruno L. S. da Silva , Tiago Zanotelli , Cristiano Premebida

We propose a deep convolutional object detector for automated driving applications that also estimates classification, pose and shape uncertainty of each detected object. The input consists of a multi-layer grid map which is well-suited for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Sascha Wirges , Marcel Reith-Braun , Martin Lauer , Christoph Stiller

Object detection is a crucial task in computer vision that aims to identify and localize objects in images or videos. The recent advancements in deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly improved the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Hrishitva Patel

Calibrated confidence estimates obtained from neural networks are crucial, particularly for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving or medical image diagnosis. However, although the task of confidence calibration has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Fabian Küppers , Anselm Haselhoff , Jan Kronenberger , Jonas Schneider

Visual detection is a key task in autonomous driving, and it serves as a crucial foundation for self-driving planning and control. Deep neural networks have achieved promising results in various visual tasks, but they are known to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jung Im Choi , Qing Tian

In many applications, tracking of multiple objects is crucial for a perception of the current environment. Most of the present multi-object tracking algorithms assume that objects move independently regarding other dynamic objects as well…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Andreas Danzer , Fabian Gies , Klaus Dietmayer