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We propose Flexible Vertical Federated Learning (Flex-VFL), a distributed machine algorithm that trains a smooth, non-convex function in a distributed system with vertically partitioned data. We consider a system with several parties that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Timothy Castiglia , Shiqiang Wang , Stacy Patterson

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning technique that maintains data privacy by providing a decentralized training method for machine learning models using distributed big data. This promising Federated Learning approach has also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Prakash Chourasia , Tamkanat E Ali , Sarwan Ali , Murray Pattersn

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm enabling collaborative model training while preserving data privacy. In today's landscape, where most data is proprietary, confidential, and distributed, FL has become a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zilinghan Li , Shilan He , Ze Yang , Minseok Ryu , Kibaek Kim , Ravi Madduri

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL), an emerging and promising field in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Starting with a tutorial of Federated Learning (FL) and RL, we then focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Jiaju Qi , Qihao Zhou , Lei Lei , Kan Zheng

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving paradigm for training collective machine learning models with locally stored data from multiple participants. Vertical federated learning (VFL) deals with the case where participants sharing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Siwei Feng , Han Yu

Federated learning (FL) is a well established method for performing machine learning tasks over massively distributed data. However in settings where data is distributed in a non-iid (not independent and identically distributed) fashion --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Christopher Briggs , Zhong Fan , Peter Andras

Federated Learning (FL) enables large-scale distributed training of machine learning models, while still allowing individual nodes to maintain data locally. However, executing FL at scale comes with inherent practical challenges: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hossein Zakerinia , Shayan Talaei , Giorgi Nadiradze , Dan Alistarh

As AI evolves, collaboration among heterogeneous models helps overcome data scarcity by enabling knowledge transfer across institutions and devices. Traditional Federated Learning (FL) only supports homogeneous models, limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jianqing Zhang , Xinghao Wu , Yanbing Zhou , Xiaoting Sun , Qiqi Cai , Yang Liu , Yang Hua , Zhenzhe Zheng , Jian Cao , Qiang Yang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for training models on decentralized data while safeguarding data privacy. Most existing FL systems, however, assume that all machine learning models are of the same type, although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yingchao Yu , Yuping Yan , Jisong Cai , Yaochu Jin

Federated learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving collaborative model training without direct data sharing. Model-heterogeneous FL (MHFL) extends this paradigm by allowing clients to train personalized models with heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziqiao Weng , Weidong Cai , Bo Zhou

Federated Learning is a collaborative machine learning framework to train a deep learning model without accessing clients' private data. Previous works assume one central parameter server either at the cloud or at the edge. The cloud server…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Lumin Liu , Jun Zhang , S. H. Song , Khaled B. Letaief

Federated continual learning (FCL) allows each client to continually update its knowledge from task streams, enhancing the applicability of federated learning in real-world scenarios. However, FCL needs to address not only spatial data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Hao Yu , Xin Yang , Le Zhang , Hanlin Gu , Tianrui Li , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine-learning approach enabling collaborative model training across multiple decentralized edge devices that hold local data samples, all without exchanging these samples. This collaborative process occurs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Venkataraman Natarajan Iyer

Traditional Federated Learning (FL) approaches often struggle with data heterogeneity across clients, leading to suboptimal model performance for individual clients. To address this issue, Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) emerges as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Zhou Ni , Masoud Ghazikor , Morteza Hashemi

In current deep learning paradigms, local training or the Standalone framework tends to result in overfitting and thus poor generalizability. This problem can be addressed by Distributed or Federated Learning (FL) that leverages a parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Lingjuan Lyu , Xinyi Xu , Qian Wang

Time-series prediction is increasingly popular in a variety of applications, such as smart factories and smart transportation. Researchers have used various techniques to predict power consumption, but existing models lack discussion of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jia-Hao Syu , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin , Gautam Srivastava , Unil Yun

Vertical federated learning is a collaborative machine learning framework to train deep leaning models on vertically partitioned data with privacy-preservation. It attracts much attention both from academia and industry. Unfortunately,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Wensheng Xia , Ying Li , Lan Zhang , Zhonghai Wu , Xiaoyong Yuan

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique that enables collaborative model training while avoiding explicit data sharing. The inherent privacy-preserving property of FL algorithms makes them especially attractive…

In Split Federated Learning (SFL), the clients collaboratively train a model with the help of a server by splitting the model into two parts. Part-1 is trained locally at each client and aggregated by the aggregator at the end of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Joana Tirana , Dimitra Tsigkari , David Solans Noguero , Nicolas Kourtellis

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning approach where local models are trained on distributed clients, allowing privacy-preserving collaboration by sharing model updates instead of raw data. However, the added…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Pratik Agrawal , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao