Related papers: Understanding Vacuum Arcs and Gradient Limits
Strong field physics close to or above the Schwinger limit are typically studied with vacuum as initial condition, or by considering test particle dynamics. However, with a plasma present initially, quantum relativistic mechanisms such as…
Non-linear effects in accelerator physics are important for both successful operation of accelerators and during the design stage. Since both of these aspects are closely related, they will be treated together in this overview. Some of the…
Drift-reduced plasma fluid models are commonly used in plasma physics for analytics and simulations; however, the validity of such models must be verified for the regions of parameter space in which tokamak plasmas exist. By looking at the…
A control oriented, lumped parameter model for the tokamak transformer including the slow flux penetration in the plasma (skin effect transformer model) is presented. The model does not require detailed or explicit information about plasma…
The predictive capability of a plasma discharge model depends on accurate representations of electron-impact collision cross sections, which determine the key reaction rates and transport properties of the plasma. Although many cross…
An international experiment, ITER is proposed as the next essential and critical step on the path to demonstrating the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy. ITER would give unique opportunities to explore, in reactor…
In recent years, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been becoming a more and more important radiation technique widely used in clinical application for cancer treatment. One of the key problems in VMAT is treatment plan…
Atmospheric pressure arcs have recently found application in the production of nanoparticles. Distinguishing features of such arcs are small length and hot ablating anode characterized by intensive electron emission and radiation from its…
This paper describes the surface environment of the dense plasma arcs that damage rf accelerators, tokamaks and other high gradient structures. We simulate the dense, non-ideal plasma sheath near a metallic surface using Molecular Dynamics…
Many problems in astrophysics involve relativistic outflows. The plasma dynamics in these scenarios is critical to determine the conditions for the self-consistent evolution of the fields and particle acceleration. Advances in computer…
Fundamental questions on the nature of matter and energy have found answers thanks to the use of particle accelerators. Societal applications, such as cancer treatment or cancer imaging, illustrate the impact of accelerators in our current…
A large scientific community depends on the precise modelling of complex processes in particle cascades in various types of matter. These models are used most prevalently in cosmic-ray physics, astrophysical-neutrino physics, and gamma-ray…
The annealing treatment in the advanced manufacturing process, e.g., laser-assisted manufacturing, determines the final state of glasses which is critical to its thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. Energy barriers analysis based…
Laser-driven acceleration holds great promise for significantly improving accelerating gradient. However, scaling the conventional process of structure-based acceleration in vacuum down to optical wavelengths requires a substantially…
Linear colliders (LC) on the energy 0.5-1 TeV are considered as the next step in the particle physics. High acceleration gradients, small beam sizes, precision tolerances, beam collision effects are main problems for linear colliders. In…
Under strong electric fields, an arc of strong current flowing through plasma can link two metal surfaces even in ultra high vacuum. Despite decades of research, the chain of events leading to vacuum arc breakdowns is hitherto unknown.…
A challenging and fundamental research problem is the better understanding and control of the turbulent transport of heat in present-day tokamak fusion experiments. Recent developments in numerical methods along with enormous gains in…
Turbulence is a major factor limiting the achievement of better tokamak performance as it enhances the transport of particles, momentum and heat which hinders the foremost objective of tokamaks. Hence, understanding and possibly being able…
Gamma-ray bursts and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays provide an important testing ground for fundamental physics. A simple-minded analysis of some gamma-ray bursts would lead to a huge estimate of the overall energy emitted, and this…
The paper suggests certain regimes of fusion plasma with magnetic confinement, when the Larmor radius $\lambda$ and the angle $\alpha$ (determining the orientation of the local coordinates) form an analytic function $w=\lambda e^{i\alpha}$…