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The natural world often follows a long-tailed data distribution where only a few classes account for most of the examples. This long-tail causes classifiers to overfit to the majority class. To mitigate this, prior solutions commonly adopt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Rahul Duggal , Scott Freitas , Sunny Dhamnani , Duen Horng Chau , Jimeng Sun

Dynamic early exiting has been proven to improve the inference speed of the pre-trained language model like BERT. However, all samples must go through all consecutive layers before early exiting and more complex samples usually go through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boren Hu , Yun Zhu , Jiacheng Li , Siliang Tang

Modern search engine ranking pipelines are commonly based on large machine-learned ensembles of regression trees. We propose LEAR, a novel - learned - technique aimed to reduce the average number of trees traversed by documents to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Francesco Busolin , Claudio Lucchese , Franco Maria Nardini , Salvatore Orlando , Raffaele Perego , Salvatore Trani

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) plays a critical role in wireless communications by autonomously classifying signals transmitted over the radio spectrum. Deep learning (DL) techniques are increasingly being used for AMC due to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Elsayed Mohammed , Omar Mashaal , Hatem Abou-Zeid

Foundation models, including language models, e.g., GPT, and vision models, e.g., CLIP, have significantly advanced numerous biomedical tasks. Despite these advancements, the high inference latency and the "overthinking" issues in model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zaifu Zhan , Shuang Zhou , Huixue Zhou , Zirui Liu , Rui Zhang

Information extraction (IE) systems aim to automatically extract structured information, such as named entities, relations between entities, and events, from unstructured texts. While most existing work addresses a particular IE task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chang Gao , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam , Lidong Bing

Early-exit neural networks (EENNs) accelerate inference by allowing intermediate classifiers to stop computation once predictions are confident enough. Most methods rely on confidence thresholds for exiting, and consequently, improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Piotr Kubaty , Filip Szatkowski , Grzegorz Choczyński , Eric Nalisnick , Bartosz Wójcik

Both performance and efficiency are crucial factors for sequence labeling tasks in many real-world scenarios. Although the pre-trained models (PTMs) have significantly improved the performance of various sequence labeling tasks, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Xiaonan Li , Yunfan Shao , Tianxiang Sun , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, early-exit refers to stopping computation at an intermediate layer once the prediction is sufficiently confident, thereby reducing latency and cost. However, recent LLMs adopt improved pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Wei , Rui Du , Hanfei Yu , Devesh Tiwari , Jian Li , Zhaozhuo Xu , Hao Wang

To tackle the high inference latency exhibited by autoregressive language models, previous studies have proposed an early-exiting framework that allocates adaptive computation paths for each token based on the complexity of generating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Sangmin Bae , Jongwoo Ko , Hwanjun Song , Se-Young Yun

Large language models have achieved remarkable capabilities, but their practical deployment is hindered by significant computational costs. While adaptive computation methods like early-exiting promise to reduce these costs, they introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sangmin Bae

This paper presents a modular approach to accelerate inference in large language models (LLMs) by adding early exit heads at intermediate transformer layers. Each head is trained in a self-supervised manner to mimic the main model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Florian Valade

State-of-the-art neural networks with early exit mechanisms often need considerable amount of training and fine tuning to achieve good performance with low computational cost. We propose a novel early exit technique, Early Exit Class Means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Alperen Görmez , Venkat R. Dasari , Erdem Koyuncu

Early-exit neural networks enable adaptive inference by allowing predictions at intermediate layers, reducing computational cost. However, early exits often lack interpretability and may focus on different features than deeper layers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yanhua Zhao

Knowledge of questions' difficulty level helps a teacher in several ways, such as estimating students' potential quickly by asking carefully selected questions and improving quality of examination by modifying trivial and hard questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Neeraj Varshney , Swaroop Mishra , Chitta Baral

Recently, prompt learning has become a new paradigm to utilize pre-trained language models (PLMs) and achieves promising results in downstream tasks with a negligible increase of parameters. The current usage of discrete and continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Feihu Jin , Jinliang Lu , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Inference latency and trustworthiness of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the bottlenecks in deploying them in critical applications like sensitive tasks. Early Exit (EE) DNNs overcome the latency issues by allowing samples to exit from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Divya Jyoti Bajpai , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal

Deep learning (DL) techniques are increasingly pervasive across various domains, including wireless communication, where they extract insights from raw radio signals. However, the computational demands of DL pose significant challenges,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-05 Dieter Verbruggen , Hazem Sallouha , Sofie Pollin

Deep neural networks have significantly improved performance on a range of tasks with the increasing demand for computational resources, leaving deployment on low-resource devices (with limited memory and battery power) infeasible. Binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Aaqib Saeed

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on transformers achieve cutting-edge results on a variety of applications. However, their enormous size and processing requirements hinder deployment on constrained resources. To enhance efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wazib Ansar , Saptarsi Goswami , Amlan Chakrabarti