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Time-lapse seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) provides estimates of dynamic changes in the subsurface by performing multiple seismic surveys at different times. Since FWI problems are highly non-linear and non-unique, it is important to…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-08-21 Xin Zhang , Andrew Curtis

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a powerful technique for estimating high-resolution subsurface velocity models by minimizing the discrepancy between modeled and observed seismic data. However, the oscillatory nature of seismic waveforms…

Iterative inversion of seismic, ultrasonic, and other wave data by local gradient-based optimization of mean-square data prediction error (Full Waveform Inversion or FWI) can fail to converge to useful model estimates if started from an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-10 William W. Symes , Huiyi Chen , Susan E. Minkoff

Conventional frequency-domain full-waveform inversion (FWI) is typically implemented with an $L^2$ misfit function, which suffers from challenges such as cycle skipping and sensitivity to noise. While the Wasserstein metric has proven…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Zhijun Zeng , Matej Neumann , Yunan Yang

We investigate a local modification of a variable-order fractional wave equation, which describes the propagation of diffusive wave in viscoelastic media with evolving physical property. We incorporate an equivalent formulation to prove the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Jinhong Jia , Chuanting Jiang , Yiqun Li , Mengmeng Liu , Wenlin Qiu

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is today a standard process for the inverse problem of seismic imaging. PDE-constrained optimization is used to determine unknown parameters in a wave equation that represent geophysical properties. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Bjorn Engquist , Yunan Yang

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful yet computationally expensive technique that can yield subsurface models at high resolution. Randomly selected shots ("mini-batches") can be used to approximate the misfit and the gradient of FWI,…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-05-25 Bharath Shekar

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) techniques aim to find a high-resolution subsurface geophysical model provided with waveform data. Some recent effort in data-driven FWI has shown some encouraging results in obtaining 2D velocity maps.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Qili Zeng , Shihang Feng , Brendt Wohlberg , Youzuo Lin

Full Waveform Inversion can be made immune to cycle skipping by matching the recorded data arbitrarily well from inaccurate subsurface models. To achieve this goal, the simulated wavefields can be computed in an extended search space as the…

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) reconstructs high-resolution subsurface models via multi-variate optimization but faces challenges with solver selection and data availability. Deep Learning (DL) offers a promising alternative, bridging…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-02-27 Christopher Zerafa

The quantitative reconstruction of sub-surface Earth properties from the propagation of waves follows an iterative minimization of a misfit functional. In marine seismic exploration, the observed data usually consist of measurements of the…

This paper addresses the inverse problem of simultaneously recovering multiple unknown parameters for semilinear wave equations from boundary measurements. We consider an initial-boundary value problem for a wave equation with a general…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Dong Qiu , Xiang Xu , Yeqiong Ye , Ting Zhou

Full waveform inversion (FWI) iteratively updates the velocity model by minimizing the difference between observed and simulated data. Due to the high computational cost and memory requirements associated with global optimization…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-09-19 Xinru Mu , Omar M. Saad , Shaowen Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) often faces challenges due to inadequate seismic observations, resulting in band-limited and geologically inaccurate inversion results. Incorporating prior information from potential velocity distributions,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Fu Wang , Xinquan Huang , Tariq Alkhalifah

The lack of low frequency information and a good initial model can seriously affect the success of full waveform inversion (FWI), due to the inherent cycle skipping problem. Computational low frequency extrapolation is in principle the most…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-10-14 Hongyu Sun , Laurent Demanet

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) with extended sources first computes wavefields with data-driven source extensions, such that the simulated data in inaccurate velocity models match the observed counterpart well enough to prevent cycle…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 Gaoshan Guo , Stephane Operto , Ali Gholami , Hossein S. Aghamiry

In recent years, uncertainty-aware full waveform inversion (FWI) has received increasing attention, with a growing emphasis on producing informative uncertainty estimates alongside inversion results. Bayesian inference methods--particularly…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-14 Yunduo Li , Yijie Zhang , Xueyu Zhu , Jinghuai Gao

We present the FastEMRIWaveforms (FEW) package, a collection of tools to build and analyze extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) waveforms. Here, we expand on the Physical Review Letter that introduced the first fast and accurate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-27 Michael L. Katz , Alvin J. K. Chua , Lorenzo Speri , Niels Warburton , Scott A. Hughes

In the paper we consider the linear inverse problem that consists in recovering the initial state in a first order evolution equation generated by a skew-adjoint operator. We studied the well-posedness of the inversion in terms of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-12-20 Kaïs Ammari , Faouzi Triki

We study the inverse problem of recovering the order and the diffusion coefficient of an elliptic fractional partial differential equation from a finite number of noisy observations of the solution. We work in a Bayesian framework and show…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Nicolas Garcia Trillos , Daniel Sanz-Alonso