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The celebrated Hong, Ou and Mandel (HOM) effect is one of the simplest illustrations of two-particle interference, and is unique to the quantum realm. In the original experiment, two photons arriving simultaneously in the input channels of…

Nonlocal quantum correlation has been the main issue of quantum mechanics over the last century. The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect relates to the two-photon intensity correlation on a beam splitter, resulting in a nonclassical photon-bunching…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 B. S. Ham

In recent works we have explored a multi-photon extension of the celebrated two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which the quantum amplitudes for a two-photon input to a lossless, balanced 50:50 beamsplitter (BS) undergoes complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Paul M. Alsing , Richard J. Birrittella

Two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a fundamental quantum effect with no classical counterpart. The exiting researches on two-photon interference were mainly limited in one degree of freedom (DoF), hence it is still a challenge…

By using the zero-phonon line emission of an individual organic molecule, we realized a source of indistinguishable single photons in the near infrared. A Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiment is performed and a two-photon coalescence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Jean-Baptiste Trebbia , Philippe Tamarat , Brahim Lounis

Two-photon interference effects, such as the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, can be used to characterize to what extent two photons are identical. Identical photons are necessary for both linear optics quantum computing and single-photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-06 Imran M. Mirza , S. J. van Enk

Quality of individual photons and their ability to interfere is traditionally tested by measuring the Hong-Ou-Mandel photon bunching effect. However, this phase insensitive measurement only tests the particle aspect of the quantum…

Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is a cornerstone of optical quantum technologies. We explore both theoretically and experimentally how the nature of unwanted multi-photon components of single photon sources affect the interference visibility.…

A number of recent interference experiments involving multiple photons are reviewed. These experiments include generalized photon bunching effects, generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel interference effects and multi-photon interferometry for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Z. Y. Ou

This article is a detailed introduction to Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, in which two photons interfere on a beamsplitter in a way that depends on the photons' distinguishability. We begin by considering distinguishability in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Agata M. Brańczyk

We show that the parity (evenness or oddness) of a nonclassical state of light has a dominant influence on the interference effects at a balanced beam splitter, irrespective of the state initially occupying the other input mode.…

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is a quintessential process in various quantum information technologies and quantum optics applications. In this work, we investigate multi-photon interference, developing a model for the simultaneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Noah Crum , Md Mehdi Hassan , Adrien Green , George Siopsis

Fifty years ago, Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) discovered photon bunching in light emitted by a chaotic source, highlighting the importance of two-photon correlations and stimulating the development of modern quantum optics . The quantum…

Photon-mediated interactions between atomic systems can arise via coupling to a common electromagnetic mode or by quantum interference. Here, we probe the role of coherence in cooperative emission arising from two distant but…

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. The effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-04 Dmitry N. Makarov

Photon indistinguishability, entanglement, and antibunching are key ingredients in quantum optics and photonics. Decay cascades in quantum emitters offer a simple method to create entangled photon-pairs with negligible multi-pair generation…

Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, the fact that identical photons that arrive simultaneously on different input ports of a beam splitter bunch into a common output port, can be used to measure optical delays between different paths. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 Yuanyuan Chen , Matthias Fink , Fabian Steinlechner , Juan P. Torres , Rupert Ursin

The quantum statistics of particles is determined by both the spins and the indistinguishability of quantum states. Here we studied the quantum statistics of partially distinguishable photons by defining the multi-photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-16 Fang-Wen Sun , Ao Shen , Yang Dong , Xiang-Dong Chen , Guang-Can Guo

We present Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of single photons generated via two different physical processes by two independent atomic systems: scattering by a single atom, and parametric generation via four-wave mixing in a cloud of cold atoms.…

Although quantum physics is well understood in inertial reference frames (flat spacetime), a current challenge is the search for experimental evidence of non-trivial or unexpected behaviour of quantum systems in non-inertial frames. Here,…