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Planarity Testing is the problem of determining whether a given graph is planar while planar embedding is the corresponding construction problem. The bounded space complexity of these problems has been determined to be exactly Logspace by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Samir Datta , Gautam Prakriya

The set of factorizations of permutations in to $m$ transpositions of some symmetric group $\mathcal{S}_n$ is naturally in bijection with the set of graphs of order $n$ and size $m$ with both edges and vertices labeled. We define a notion…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-01 Nikos Apostolakis

We explicitly analyse $O(\alpha')$ corrections to heterotic supergravity on toroidal orbifolds and their resolutions, which play important roles in string phenomenology as well as moduli stabilisation. Using a conformal factor ansatz that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-19 Pompey Leung , Hajime Otsuka

In this paper, we show that if $G$ is $3$-connected, then the Cartesian product of graphs $G \square H$ embeds on the torus if and only if $G$ is outer-cylindrical and $H$ is a path on two vertices, $P_2$. As a by-product of our work, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Elizabeth Badgett , Christian Millichap , Kenta Noguchi

A digraph is 2-regular if every vertex has both indegree and outdegree two. We define an embedding of a 2-regular digraph to be a 2-cell embedding of the underlying graph in a closed surface with the added property that for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-12 Dan Archdeacon , Matt DeVos , Stefan Hannie , Bojan Mohar

In this paper, we introduce the notion of 2-boundary planar graphs. A graph is 2-boundary planar if it has an embedding in the plane so that all vertices lie on the boundary of at most two faces and no edges are crossed. A proper coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Weichan Liu , Mengke Qi , Xin Zhang

We obtain new invariants of topological link concordance and homology cobordism of 3-manifolds from Hirzebruch-type intersection form defects of towers of iterated p-covers. Our invariants can extract geometric information from an arbitrary…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-06-16 Jae Choon Cha

We consider the thickness $\theta (G))$ and outerthickness $\theta _o(G)$ of a graph G in terms of its orientable and nonorientable genus. Dean and Hutchinson provided upper bounds for thickness of graphs in terms of their orientable genus.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-17 Baogang Xu , Xiaoya Zha

We study complex algebraic K3 surfaces of Picard ranks 11,12, and 13 of finite automorphism group that admit a Jacobian elliptic fibration with a section of order two. We prove that the K3 surfaces admit a birational model isomorphic to a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Adrian Clingher , Andreas Malmendier , Flora Poon

Optimal linear-time algorithms for testing the planarity of a graph are well-known for over 35 years. However, these algorithms are quite involved and recent publications still try to give simpler linear-time tests. We give a simple…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-02-23 Jens M. Schmidt

We study F-theory duals of singular heterotic K3 models that correspond to abelian toroidal orbifolds $T^4/Z_N$. While our focus is on the standard embedding, we also comment on models with Wilson lines and more general gauge embeddings. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Christoph Lüdeling , Fabian Ruehle

Using geometric engineering method of 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ quiver gauge theories and results on the classification of Kac-Moody (KM) algebras, we show on explicit examples that there exist three sectors of $\mathcal{N}=2$ infrared CFT$_{4}$s.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Ait Ben Haddou , A. Belhaj , E. H. Saidi

Double planes branched in 6 lines give a famous example of K3 surfaces. Their moduli are well understood and related to abelian fourfolds of Weil type. We compare these two moduli interpretations and in particular divisors on the moduli…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-04-10 Giuseppe Lombardo , Chris Peters , Matthias Schuett

Let $\mathbb{S}_g$ be the orientable surface of genus $g$. We show that the number of vertex-labelled cubic multigraphs embeddable on $\mathbb{S}_g$ with $2n$ vertices is asymptotically $c_g n^{5(g-1)/2-1}\gamma^{2n}(2n)!$, where $\gamma$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-12 Wenjie Fang , Mihyun Kang , Michael Moßhammer , Philipp Sprüssel

We propose non-supersymmetric analogues of 6d N=2 Type II/heterotic dualities via a quotient of a K3 surface: an Enriques surface. We start from Type~II strings on a K3 surface and construct orbifold theories using an involution of K3. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-30 Arata Ishige

We study $k$-page upward book embeddings ($k$UBEs) of $st$-graphs, that is, book embeddings of single-source single-sink directed acyclic graphs on $k$ pages with the additional requirement that the vertices of the graph appear in a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Carla Binucci , Giordano Da Lozzo , Emilio Di Giacomo , Walter Didimo , Tamara Mchedlidze , Maurizio Patrignani

In this paper, two results are obtained on a hypergraph embedding problem. The proof technique is itself of interest, being the first time amalgamations have been used to address the embedding of hypergraphs. The first result finds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-18 Amin Bahmanian , Chris Rodger

We continue our study on the hypergeometric system $E(3,6)$ which describes period integrals of the double cover family of K3 surfaces. Near certain special boundary points in the moduli space of the K3 surfaces, we construct the local…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-25 Shinobu Hosono , Bong Lian , Shing-Tung Yau

We continue the study of computable embeddings for pairs of structures, i.e. for classes containing precisely two non-isomorphic structures. Surprisingly, even for some pairs of simple linear orders, computable embeddings induce a…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-09-03 Nikolay Bazhenov , Stefan Vatev

We characterise the embeddability of simply connected locally 3-connected 2-dimensional simplicial complexes in 3-space in a way analogous to Kuratowski's characterisation of graph planarity, by excluded minors. This answers questions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-05 Johannes Carmesin