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If a large Quantum Computer (QC) existed today, what type of physical problems could we efficiently simulate on it that we could not simulate on a classical Turing machine? In this paper we argue that a QC could solve some relevant physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Rolando Somma , Gerardo Ortiz , Emanuel Knill , James Gubernatis

Recent developments in quantum hardware indicate that systems featuring more than 50 physical qubits are within reach. At this scale, classical simulation will no longer be feasible and there is a possibility that such quantum devices may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-06 Mathias Soeken , Thomas Häner , Martin Roetteler

Algorithmic approach is based on the assumption that any quantum evolution of many particle system can be simulated on a classical computer with the polynomial time and memory cost. Algorithms play the central role here but not the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuri Ozhigov

Classical simulation is important because it sets a benchmark for quantum computer performance. Classical simulation is currently the only way to exercise larger numbers of qubits. To achieve larger simulations, sparse matrix processing is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John Robert Burger

The computation of electronic structure properties at the quantum level is a crucial aspect of modern physics research. However, conventional methods can be computationally demanding for larger, more complex systems. To address this issue,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Nouhaila Innan , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan , Mohamed Bennai

While most work on the quantum simulation of chemistry has focused on computing energy surfaces, a similarly important application requiring subtly different algorithms is the computation of energy derivatives. Almost all molecular…

Quantum computers are promising for simulations of chemical and physical systems, but the limited capabilities of today's quantum processors permit only small, and often approximate, simulations. Here we present a method, classical…

We introduce a single-number metric, quantum volume, that can be measured using a concrete protocol on near-term quantum computers of modest size ($n\lesssim 50$), and measure it on several state-of-the-art transmon devices, finding values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-14 Andrew W. Cross , Lev S. Bishop , Sarah Sheldon , Paul D. Nation , Jay M. Gambetta

A theoretical scheme for the treatment of an open molecular system with electrons and nuclei is proposed. The idea is based on the Grand Canonical description of a quantum region embedded in a classical reservoir of molecules. Electronic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-01-17 Luigi Delle Site

Chemistry and materials science are widely regarded as potential killer application fields for quantum hardware. While the dream of unlocking unprecedented simulation capabilities remains compelling, quantum algorithm development must adapt…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Davide Castaldo , Markus Reiher

Quantum simulators, machines that can replicate the dynamics of quantum systems, are being built as useful devices and are seen as a stepping stone to universal quantum computers. A key difference between the two is that computers have the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-09 Benjamin Dive , Alexander Pitchford , Florian Mintert , Daniel Burgarth

We consider quantum formalism limited by the classical simulating computer with the fixed memory. The memory is redistributed in the course of modeling by the variation of the set of classical states and the accuracy of the representation…

General Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Yu. I. Ozhigov

Spectroscopy is the most important method for probing the structure of molecules. However, predicting molecular spectra on classical computers is computationally expensive, with the most accurate methods having a cost that grows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Liam P. Flew , Ivan Kassal

Quantum simulation is a foundational application for quantum computers, projected to offer insights into complex quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computation. However, with the exception of Trotter-based methods, which suffer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Amir Kalev , Itay Hen

Quantum computers are designed to outperform standard computers by running quantum algorithms. Areas in which quantum algorithms can be applied include cryptography, search and optimisation, simulation of quantum systems, and solving large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-24 Ashley Montanaro

With the increasing size of quantum processors, sub-modules that constitute the processor hardware will become too large to accurately simulate on a classical computer. Therefore, one would soon have to fabricate and test each new design…

Decoherence of quantum hardware is currently limiting its practical applications. At the same time, classical algorithms for simulating quantum circuits have progressed substantially. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid framework that integrates…

Quantum computing is the process of performing calculations using quantum mechanics. This field studies the quantum behavior of certain subatomic particles for subsequent use in performing calculations, as well as for large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 David Peral García , Juan Cruz-Benito , Francisco José García-Peñalvo

Accurate simulation of dynamical processes in molecules and reactions is among the most challenging problems in quantum chemistry. Quantum computers promise efficient chemical simulation, but the existing quantum algorithms require many…

Construction of explicit quantum circuits follows the notion of the "standard circuit model" introduced in the solid and profound analysis of elementary gates providing quantum computation. Nevertheless the model is not always optimal (e.g.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 K. Ch. Chatzisavvas , C. Daskaloyannis , C. P. Panos