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This paper studies a novel problem of out-of-distribution graph models merging, which aims to construct a generalized model from multiple graph models pre-trained on different domains with distribution discrepancy. This problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yidi Wang , Ziyue Qiao , Jiawei Gu , Xubin Zheng , Pengyang Wang , Xiaobing Pei , Xiao Luo

Machine learning models encounter Out-of-Distribution (OoD) errors when the data seen at test time are generated from a different stochastic generator than the one used to generate the training data. One proposal to scale OoD detection to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-27 Hyunsun Choi , Eric Jang , Alexander A. Alemi

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Deep neural networks have attained remarkable performance when applied to data that comes from the same distribution as that of the training set, but can significantly degrade otherwise. Therefore, detecting whether an example is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a fundamental challenge in the deployment of machine learning models. From a security standpoint, this is particularly important because OOD test data can result in misleadingly confident yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Onat Gungor , Amanda Sofie Rios , Nilesh Ahuja , Tajana Rosing

Deep generative models have been demonstrated as problematic in the unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) detection task, where they tend to assign higher likelihoods to OOD samples. Previous studies on this issue are usually not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Zezhen Zeng , Bin Liu

This paper introduces a novel approach to securing machine learning model deployments against potential distribution shifts in practical applications, the Total Variation Out-of-Distribution (TV-OOD) detection method. Existing methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Dabiao Ma , Zhiba Su , Jian Yang , Haojun Fei

A key feature of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to exploit a trained neural network by extracting statistical patterns and relationships through the multi-layer classifier to detect shifts in the expected input data distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Eduardo Dadalto , Pierre Colombo , Guillaume Staerman , Nathan Noiry , Pablo Piantanida

In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines deep metric learning and synthetic data generation using diffusion models for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. One popular approach for OOD detection is outlier exposure, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Assefa Seyoum Wahd

Standard classification theory assumes that the distribution of images in the test and training sets are identical. Unfortunately, real-life scenarios typically feature unseen data (``out-of-distribution data") which is different from data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Gianluca Barone , Aashrit Cunchala , Rudy Nunez

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have found widespread application in modeling graph data across diverse domains. While GNNs excel in scenarios where the testing data shares the distribution of their training counterparts (in distribution, ID),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Luzhi Wang , Dongxiao He , He Zhang , Yixin Liu , Wenjie Wang , Shirui Pan , Di Jin , Tat-Seng Chua

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models, especially in areas where security is critical. However, traditional OOD detection methods often fail to capture complex data distributions from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Armando Zhu , Jiabei Liu , Keqin Li , Shuying Dai , Bo Hong , Peng Zhao , Changsong Wei

We consider the problem of detecting OoD(Out-of-Distribution) input data when using deep neural networks, and we propose a simple yet effective way to improve the robustness of several popular OoD detection methods against label shift. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Matteo Guarrera , Baihong Jin , Tung-Wei Lin , Maria Zuluaga , Yuxin Chen , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

Methods of performing anomaly detection on high-dimensional data sets are needed, since algorithms which are trained on data are only expected to perform well on data that is similar to the training data. There are theoretical results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Forrest Laine , Claire Tomlin

Likelihood-based deep generative models such as score-based diffusion models and variational autoencoders are state-of-the-art machine learning models approximating high-dimensional distributions of data such as images, text, or audio. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Sam Dauncey , Chris Holmes , Christopher Williams , Fabian Falck

Since the seminal paper of Hendrycks et al. arXiv:1610.02136, Post-hoc deep Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection has expanded rapidly. As a result, practitioners working on safety-critical applications and seeking to improve the robustness…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-11 Paul Novello , Yannick Prudent , Joseba Dalmau , Corentin Friedrich , Yann Pequignot

Detecting and rejecting unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for deployed neural networks to void unreliable predictions. In real-world scenarios, however, the efficacy of existing OOD detection methods is often impeded by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kai Liu , Zhihang Fu , Sheng Jin , Chao Chen , Ze Chen , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Jieping Ye

One critical challenge in deploying highly performant machine learning models in real-life applications is out of distribution (OOD) detection. Given a predictive model which is accurate on in distribution (ID) data, an OOD detection system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Conor Igoe , Youngseog Chung , Ian Char , Jeff Schneider

Many neural network-based out-of-distribution (OoD) detection methods have been proposed. However, they require many training data for each target task. We propose a simple yet effective meta-learning method to detect OoD with small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai
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