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The recent rapid development of deep learning has laid a milestone in industrial Image Anomaly Detection (IAD). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of deep learning-based image anomaly detection techniques, from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jiaqi Liu , Guoyang Xie , Jinbao Wang , Shangnian Li , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng , Yaochu Jin

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) systems can autonomously monitor and identify disturbances, reducing the need for manual labor and associated costs. However, current VAD systems are often limited by their superficial semantic understanding of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiaqi Tang , Hao Lu , Ruizheng Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Ke Ma , Cheng Fang , Bin Guo , Jiangbo Lu , Qifeng Chen , Ying-Cong Chen

Anomaly detection refers to the task of finding unusual instances that stand out from the normal data. In several applications, these outliers or anomalous instances are of greater interest compared to the normal ones. Specifically in the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-14 Manpreet Singh Minhas , John Zelek

Automated detection of abnormalities in data has been studied in research area in recent years because of its diverse applications in practice including video surveillance, industrial damage detection and network intrusion detection.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Hung Vu , Dinh Phung , Tu Dinh Nguyen , Anthony Trevors , Svetha Venkatesh

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) seeks to localize the anomaly mask of an input image with respect to normal samples. Either by reconstructing normal counterparts (reconstruction-based) or by learning an image feature embedding space…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Zhe Zhang , Mingxiu Cai , Hanxiao Wang , Gaochang Wu , Tianyou Chai , Xiatian Zhu

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is a fundamental challenge in computer vision, particularly due to the open-set nature of anomalies. While recent training-free approaches utilizing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown promise, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Lokman Bekit , Hamza Karim , Nghia T Nguyen , Yasin Yilmaz

In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for anomaly detection in surveillance videos. The model is adapted from a typical auto-encoder working on video patches under the perspective of sparse combination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Trong Nguyen Nguyen , Jean Meunier

In recent years, Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) has gained significant attention due to its ability to identify defects using only normal images during training. Many VAD models work without supervision but are still able to provide visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Arianna Stropeni , Valentina Zaccaria , Francesco Borsatti , Davide Dalle Pezze , Manuel Barusco , Gian Antonio Susto

Towards open-ended Video Anomaly Detection (VAD), existing methods often exhibit biased detection when faced with challenging or unseen events and lack interpretability. To address these drawbacks, we propose Holmes-VAD, a novel framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Huaxin Zhang , Xiaohao Xu , Xiang Wang , Jialong Zuo , Chuchu Han , Xiaonan Huang , Changxin Gao , Yuehuan Wang , Nong Sang

Gated cameras hold promise as an alternative to scanning LiDAR sensors with high-resolution 3D depth that is robust to back-scatter in fog, snow, and rain. Instead of sequentially scanning a scene and directly recording depth via the photon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Amanpreet Walia , Stefanie Walz , Mario Bijelic , Fahim Mannan , Frank Julca-Aguilar , Michael Langer , Werner Ritter , Felix Heide

In weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WVAD), where only video-level labels indicating the presence or absence of abnormal events are available, the primary challenge arises from the inherent ambiguity in temporal annotations of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yixuan Zhou , Yi Qu , Xing Xu , Fumin Shen , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

Despite the remarkable success, recent reconstruction-based anomaly detection (AD) methods via diffusion modeling still involve fine-grained noise-strength tuning and computationally expensive multi-step denoising, leading to a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shunsuke Sakai , Xiangteng He , Chunzhi Gu , Leonid Sigal , Tatsuhito Hasegawa

Anomaly detection in surveillance videos has been recently gaining attention. A challenging aspect of high-dimensional applications such as video surveillance is continual learning. While current state-of-the-art deep learning approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Keval Doshi , Yasin Yilmaz

As a vital topic in media content interpretation, video anomaly detection (VAD) has made fruitful progress via deep neural network (DNN). However, existing methods usually follow a reconstruction or frame prediction routine. They suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Guang Yu , Siqi Wang , Zhiping Cai , En Zhu , Chuanfu Xu , Jianping Yin , Marius Kloft

Deploying video anomaly detection in practice is hampered by the scarcity and collection cost of real abnormal footage. We address this by training without any real abnormal videos while evaluating under the standard weakly supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Satoshi Hashimoto , Hitoshi Nishimura , Yanan Wang , Mori Kurokawa

RGB-based surface anomaly detection methods have advanced significantly. However, certain surface anomalies remain practically invisible in RGB alone, necessitating the incorporation of 3D information. Existing approaches that employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Vitjan Zavrtanik , Matej Kristan , Danijel Skočaj

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WSVAD) is a challenging task since only video-level labels are available for training. In previous studies, the discriminative power of the learned features is not strong enough, and the data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Congqi Cao , Xin Zhang , Shizhou Zhang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is a critical yet challenging task due to the complex and diverse nature of real-world scenarios. Previous methods typically rely on domain-specific training data and manual adjustments when applying to new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zhiwei Yang , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Real-time detection of irregularities in visual data is very invaluable and useful in many prospective applications including surveillance, patient monitoring systems, etc. With the surge of deep learning methods in the recent years,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Mohammad Sabokrou , Masoud Pourreza , Mohsen Fayyaz , Rahim Entezari , Mahmood Fathy , Jürgen Gall , Ehsan Adeli

Anomaly detection is the problem of recognizing abnormal inputs based on the seen examples of normal data. Despite recent advances of deep learning in recognizing image anomalies, these methods still prove incapable of handling complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Nina Shvetsova , Bart Bakker , Irina Fedulova , Heinrich Schulz , Dmitry V. Dylov