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Video anomaly detection (VAD) plays a critical role in public safety applications such as intelligent surveillance. However, the rarity, unpredictability, and high annotation cost of real-world anomalies make it difficult to scale VAD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Suhang Cai , Xiaohao Peng , Chong Wang , Xiaojie Cai , Jiangbo Qian

Video anomaly detection (VAD) identifies suspicious events in videos, which is critical for crime prevention and homeland security. In this paper, we propose a simple but highly effective VAD method that relies on attribute-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tal Reiss , Yedid Hoshen

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to detect anomalies that deviate from what is expected. In open-world scenarios, the expected events may change as requirements change. For example, not wearing a mask may be considered abnormal during a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zihao Liu , Xiaoyu Wu , Jianqin Wu , Xuxu Wang , Linlin Yang

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of single-scene, fully unsupervised video anomaly detection (VAD), where raw videos containing both normal and abnormal events are used directly for training and testing without any labels.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuang Geng , Junkai Zhou , Kang Yang , Pan He , Zhuoyang Zhou , Jose C. Principe , Joel Harley , Ivan Ruchkin

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) plays a crucial role in modern surveillance systems, aiming to identify various anomalies in real-world situations. However, current benchmark datasets predominantly emphasize simple, single-frame anomalies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Yoav Arad , Michael Werman

Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) endeavors to pinpoint deviations from the concept of normality in visual data, widely applied across diverse domains, e.g., industrial defect inspection, and medical lesion detection. This survey…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yunkang Cao , Xiaohao Xu , Jiangning Zhang , Yuqi Cheng , Xiaonan Huang , Guansong Pang , Weiming Shen

Video Anomaly Detection(VAD) has been traditionally tackled in two main methodologies: the reconstruction-based approach and the prediction-based one. As the reconstruction-based methods learn to generalize the input image, the model merely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Joo-Yeon Lee , Woo-Jeoung Nam , Seong-Whan Lee

In modern manufacturing, Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) is essential for automated inspection and consistent product quality. Yet, increasingly dynamic and flexible production environments introduce key challenges: First, frequent product…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Haoyu Ren , Kay Koehle , Kirill Dorofeev , Darko Anicic

In autonomous driving, the most challenging scenarios can only be detected within their temporal context. Most video anomaly detection approaches focus either on surveillance or traffic accidents, which are only a subfield of autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Daniel Bogdoll , Jan Imhof , Tim Joseph , Svetlana Pavlitska , J. Marius Zöllner

Video anomaly detection is a subject of great interest across industrial and academic domains due to its crucial role in computer vision applications. However, the inherent unpredictability of anomalies and the scarcity of anomaly samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Yalong Jiang , Liquan Mao

Video anomaly detection (VAD) has been paid increasing attention due to its potential applications, its current dominant tasks focus on online detecting anomalies% at the frame level, which can be roughly interpreted as the binary or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Peng Wu , Jing Liu , Xiangteng He , Yuxin Peng , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) often learns the distribution of normal samples and detects the anomaly through measuring significant deviations, but the undesired generalization may reconstruct a few anomalies thus suppressing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiahao Lyu , Minghua Zhao , Jing Hu , Xuewen Huang , Shuangli Du , Cheng Shi , Zhiyong Lv

Anomaly detection in videos is a problem that has been studied for more than a decade. This area has piqued the interest of researchers due to its wide applicability. Because of this, there has been a wide array of approaches that have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Jessie James P. Suarez , Prospero C. Naval

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely applied for purposes of inspection, search, and rescue operations by the virtue of low-cost, large-coverage, real-time, and high-resolution data acquisition capacities. Massive volumes of aerial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Pu Jin , Lichao Mou , Gui-Song Xia , Xiao Xiang Zhu

The reliability of a machine vision system for autonomous driving depends heavily on its training data distribution. When a vehicle encounters significantly different conditions, such as atypical obstacles, its perceptual capabilities can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fabrizio Genilotti , Arianna Stropeni , Gionata Grotto , Francesco Borsatti , Manuel Barusco , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Anomaly detection is critically important for intelligent surveillance systems to detect in a timely manner any malicious activities. Many video anomaly detection approaches using deep learning methods focus on a single camera video stream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Chongke Wu , Sicong Shao , Cihan Tunc , Salim Hariri

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is a challenging task that detects anomalous frames in continuous surveillance videos. Most previous work utilizes the spatio-temporal correlation of visual features to distinguish whether there are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Guangyu Dai , Dong Chen , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

This review article surveys the current progresses made toward video-based anomaly detection. We address the most fundamental aspect for video anomaly detection, that is, video feature representation. Much research works have been done in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-05 Yong Shean Chong , Yong Haur Tay

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is essential for computer vision research. Existing VAD methods utilize either reconstruction-based or prediction-based frameworks. The former excels at detecting irregular patterns or structures, whereas the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongsong Wang , Andi Xu , Pinle Ding , Jie Gui

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) automatically identifies anomalous events from video, mitigating the need for human operators in large-scale surveillance deployments. However, two fundamental obstacles hinder real-world adoption: domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Hyogun Lee , Haksub Kim , Ig-Jae Kim , Yonghun Choi