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Under very general assumptions on the accretion flow geometry, images of a black hole illuminated by electromagnetic radiation display a sequence of photon rings (demagnified and rotated copies of the direct image) which asymptotically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-24 Maciek Wielgus

The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), an orbiting, multi-band, millimeter radio-telescope, in hybrid combination with millimeter terrestrial radio-telescopes, is designed to discover and measure the thin photon ring around the supermassive black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-17 Peter Galison , Michael D. Johnson , Alexandru Lupsasca , Trevor Gravely , Roman Berens

In 2017, the first image of the center of the M87 galaxy was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). It revealed a ring morphology and a size consistent with theoretical expectations for the light pattern around a weakly accreting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-22 Giacomo Principe , Matteo Lucchini

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-31 Dhanya G. Nair , Neil M. Nagar , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Maciek Wielgus , Vicente Arratia , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Xinyue A. Zhang , Angelo Ricarte , Silpa S. , Joaquín Hernández-Yévenes , Nicole M. Ford , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , Mark Gurwell , Roman Burridge , Dominic W. Pesce , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Jae-Young Kim , Daewon Kim , Michael Janssen , Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg , Christian M. Fromm , Deokhyeong Lee , Heino Falcke , Jan Wagner , Geoffrey C. Bower , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , Dong-Jin Kim , Kazunori Akiyama , Keiichi Asada , Patricia Arevalo , Hayley Bignall , Lindy Blackburn , Avery E. Broderick , Andreas Brunthaler , Chi-kwan Chan , Akihiro Doi , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , José L. Gómez , Daryl Haggard , Kazuhiro Hada , Rodrigo Herrera-Camus , Daniel Hoak , David Hughes , Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo , Svetlana Jorstad , Michael D. Johnson , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Preeti Kharb , Jun Yi Koay , Shoko Koyama , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Nathan W. C. Leigh , Paulina Lira , Michael Lindqvist , Andrei P. Lobanov , Wen-Ping Lo , Ru-Sen Lu , Sera Markoff , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Mary Loli Martínez-Aldama , Lynn D. Matthews , Satoki Matsushita , Mar Mezcua , Monika Moscibrodzka , Hendrik Müller , Hiroshi Nagai , Masanori Nakamura , Priyamvada Natarajan , Gopal Narayanan , Michael A. Nowak , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Jongho Park , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Oliver Porth , Ramprasad Rao , Cormac Reynolds , Rodrigo Reeves , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Dominik Schleicher , Tuomas Savolainen , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Ezequiel Treister , Kaj Wiik , J. Anton Zensus

The first image of the black hole (BH) M 87* obtained by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has the shape of a crescent extending from the E to WSW position angles, while the observed direction of the large-scale jet is WNW. Images based on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-01 Krzysztof Nalewajko , Marek Sikora , Agata Różańska

By investigating the time-variable 230 GHz images using ray-tracing general relativistic radiative transfer calculation, we propose a novel method for estimating the spin parameter of the supermassive black hole at the M87 center by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-25 Mikiya M. Takahashi , Tomohisa Kawashima , Ken Ohsuga

Recent results of the event horizon-scale images of M87* and Sagittarius A* from the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration show that strong magnetic fields are likely present around the central black holes (BHs) in these sources.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-19 Koushik Chatterjee , Matthew Liska , Alexander Tchekhovskoy , Sera Markoff , Ramesh Narayan

The ring-like images of the two supermassive black holes captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provide powerful probes of the physics of accretion flows at horizon scales. Specifically, the brightness asymmetry in the images carries…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-24 J. Cole Faggert , Feryal Özel , Dimitrios Psaltis

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has recently released the first image of a black hole (BH), opening a new window onto tests of general relativity in the strong field regime. In this paper, we derive constraints on the nature…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-24 Cosimo Bambi , Katherine Freese , Sunny Vagnozzi , Luca Visinelli

The interest in the implications that astrophysical observations have for the understanding of the structure of black holes has grown since the first detection of gravitational waves. Many arguments that are put forward in order to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-31 Anna Zulianello , Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Stefano Liberati , Stefano Ansoldi

The recent 230 GHz observations of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) are able to image the innermost structure of the M87 and show a ring-like structure which is in agreement with thermal synchrotron emission generated in a torus…

The images of Sagittarius A${}^*$ published by the Event Horizon Telescope (ETH) Collaboration in 2022 present features that were associated with an emission ring consistent with what is expected from an accretion disc surrounding the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-16 Ezequiel F. Boero , Osvaldo M. Moreschi

In this paper, we investigate the overlapping of photon rings - higher-order images of a black hole's luminous environment, concentrated near the shadow boundary and expected to be resolved in future observations. We consider a broad class…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-15 Oleg Yu. Tsupko , Fabio Aratore , Volker Perlick

We present an in-depth analysis of a newly proposed correlation function in visibility space, between the E and B modes of the linear polarization, hereafter the EB-correlation, for a set of time-averaged GRMHD simulations compared with the…

The recent 230 GHz observations by the Event Horizon Telescope have resolved the innermost structure of the M87 galaxy, revealing a ring-like feature consistent with thermal synchrotron emission from a magnetized torus surrounding a…

Images of supermassive black holes produced using very long baseline interferometry provide a pathway to directly observing effects of a highly curved spacetime, such as a bright ``photon ring'' that arises from strongly lensed emission. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-28 Zachary Gelles , Koushik Chatterjee , Michael Johnson , Bart Ripperda , Matthew Liska

The polarized images of a synchrotron emitting ring are studied in the regular Hayward and Bardeen black hole spacetimes. These regular black holes carry a magnetic field in terms of gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics. Results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-27 Xueyao Liu , Songbai Chen , Jiliang Jing

A black hole image contains a bright ring of photons that have closely circled the black hole on their way from the source to the detector. Here, we study the photon ring of a rotating black hole which is pierced by a global hyper-light…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-01 Alexander Gußmann

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global very long baseline interferometric array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, detected the first image of the M87 supermassive black hole (SMBH). M87 is a giant elliptical galaxy at the center of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-17 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Abraham Loeb , Mark Reid
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