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The end of Dennard scaling and the slowing of Moore's Law has put the energy use of datacenters on an unsustainable path. Datacenters are already a significant fraction of worldwide electricity use, with application demand scaling at a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Thomas Anderson , Adam Belay , Mosharaf Chowdhury , Asaf Cidon , Irene Zhang

Data center electricity use may reach 12% of U.S. demand by 2030, alongside growing ability to shift workloads geographically in response to prices or carbon signals. We examine the system-level implications of such strategic flexibility…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Aron Brenner , Line Roald , Saurabh Amin

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLM) such as ChatGPT, CoPilot, and Gemini have been widely adopted in different areas. As the use of LLMs continues to grow, many efforts have focused on reducing the massive training overheads of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hayden Moore , Sirui Qi , Ninad Hogade , Dejan Milojicic , Cullen Bash , Sudeep Pasricha

The cloud computing technology uses datacenters, which require energy. Recent trends show that the required energy for these datacenters will rise over time, or at least remain constant. Hence, the scientific community developed different…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Benedikt Pittl , Werner Mach , Erich Schikuta

Reducing the environmental impact of cloud computing requires efficient workload distribution across geographically dispersed Data Center Clusters (DCCs) and simultaneously optimizing liquid and air (HVAC) cooling with time shift of…

The rapid development of renewable energy in the energy Internet is expected to alleviate the increasingly severe power problem in data centers, such as the huge power costs and pollution. This paper focuses on the eco-friendly power cost…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Chunlei Sun , Xiangming Wen , Zhaoming Lu , Wenpeng Jing , Michele Zorzi

Data centers (DCs) are emerging as large, geographically distributed, controllable loads whose participation in electricity markets can significantly affect grid operation, especially when cloud platforms shift workloads across sites to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Shijie Pan , Zaint A. Alexakis , Charalambos Konstantinou

Geographical load balancing can optimize the utilization of green energy and the cost of electricity by taking the advantages of green and price diversities at geographical dispersed data centers. However, higher green energy utilization or…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Abbas Kiani , Nirwan Ansari

The increasing energy demands and carbon footprint of large-scale AI require intelligent workload management in globally distributed data centers. Yet progress is limited by the absence of benchmarks that realistically capture the interplay…

Data centers are carbon-intensive enterprises due to their massive energy consumption, and it is estimated that data center industry will account for 8\% of global carbon emissions by 2030. However, both technological and policy instruments…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhiwei Cao , Xin Zhou , Han Hu , Zhi Wang , Yonggang Wen

The energy consumption of Data Centers (DCs) is a very important figure for the telecommunications operators, not only in terms of cost, but also in terms of operational reliability. A relation between the energy consumption and the weather…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Georgios Smpokos , Mohamed A. Elshatshat , Athanasios Lioumpas , Ilias Iliopoulos

Data centres are very fast growing structures with significant contribution to the world's energy consumption. Reducing the energy consumption of data centres is easier when the components that comprise a data centre and their respective…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-04 R. Rahmani , I. Moser , M. Seyedmahmoudian

Given recent algorithm, software, and hardware innovation, computing has enabled a plethora of new applications. As computing becomes increasingly ubiquitous, however, so does its environmental impact. This paper brings the issue to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Udit Gupta , Young Geun Kim , Sylvia Lee , Jordan Tse , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

Cloud computing drives innovation but also poses significant environmental challenges due to its high-energy consumption and carbon emissions. Data centers account for 2-4% of global energy usage, and the ICT sector's share of electricity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Federico Ruilova , Ernst Gunnar Gran , Sven-Arne Reinemo

Electrification of transport compounded with climate change will transform hourly load profiles and their response to weather. Power system operators and EV charging stakeholders require such high-resolution load profiles for their planning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-08 Samrat Acharya , Malini Ghosal , Travis Thurber , Casey D. Burleyson , Yang Ou , Allison Campbell , Gokul Iyer , Nathalie Voisin , Jason Fuller

Achieving a sustainable electricity infrastructure requires the explicit integration of carbon emissions into power system modeling and optimization. However, existing open-source test cases for power system research lack generator-level…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Young-ho Cho , Min-Seung Ko , Hao Zhu

Climate change due to increasing carbon emissions by human activities has been identified as one of the most critical threat to Earth. Carbon neutralization, as a key approach to reverse climate change, has triggered the development of new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chien-Sheng Yang , Chien-Chun Huang-Fu , I-Kang Fu

Scientific workflows are widely used to automate scientific data analysis and often involve processing large quantities of data on compute clusters. As such, their execution tends to be long-running and resource intensive, leading to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kathleen West , Fabian Lehmann , Vasilis Bountris , Ulf Leser , Yehia Elkhatib , Lauritz Thamsen

Serverless computing is an emerging cloud computing paradigm that can reduce costs for cloud providers and their customers. However, serverless cloud platforms have stringent performance requirements (due to the need to execute short…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-04 S. Qi , H. Moore , N. Hogade , D. Milojicic , C. Bash , S. Pasricha

To improve the environmental implications of the growing demand of computing, future applications need to improve the carbon-efficiency of computing infrastructures. State-of-the-art approaches, however, do not consider the intermittent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Young Geun Kim , Udit Gupta , Andrew McCrabb , Yonglak Son , Valeria Bertacco , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu