English
Related papers

Related papers: Code Smells in Machine Learning Systems

200 papers

Motivation. Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable proficiency in diverse software engineering (SE) tasks. Handling such tasks typically involves acquiring foundational coding knowledge on large, general-purpose datasets…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 José Antonio Hernández López , Boqi Chen , Mootez Saaz , Tushar Sharma , Dániel Varró

Refactorings are transformations to improve the code design without changing overall functionality and observable behavior. During the refactoring process of smelly test code, practitioners may struggle to identify refactoring candidates…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Luana Martins , Denivan Campos , Railana Santana , Joselito Mota Junior , Heitor Costa , Ivan Machado

Test smells reduce test suite reliability and complicate maintenance. While many methods detect test smells, few support automated removal, and most rely on static analysis or machine learning. This study evaluates models with relatively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Rian Melo , Pedro Simões , Rohit Gheyi , Marcelo d'Amorim , Márcio Ribeiro , Gustavo Soares , Eduardo Almeida , Elvys Soares

Traditionally, energy efficiency research has focused on reducing energy consumption at the hardware level and, more recently, in the design and coding phases of the software development life cycle. However, software testing's impact on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Md Rakib Hossain Misu , Jiawei Li , Adithya Bhattiprolu , Yang Liu , Eduardo Almeida , Iftekhar Ahmed

The problem of malicious software (malware) detection and classification is a complex task, and there is no perfect approach. There is still a lot of work to be done. Unlike most other research areas, standard benchmarks are difficult to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Ahmed Bensaoud , Jugal Kalita , Mahmoud Bensaoud

Deep learning (DL) has been widely applied to many domains. Unique challenges in engineering DL systems are posed by the programming paradigm shift from traditional systems to DL systems, and performance is one of the challenges.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Junming Cao , Bihuan Chen , Chao Sun , Longjie Hu , Shuaihong Wu , Xin Peng

Context: Technical Debt (TD) discusses the negative impact of sub-optimal decisions to cope with the need-for-speed in software development. Code Technical Debt Items (TDI) are atomic elements of TD that can be observed in code artefacts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Ehsan Zabardast , Kwabena Ebo Bennin , Javier Gonzalez-Huerta

Test smells can pose difficulties during testing activities, such as poor maintainability, non-deterministic behavior, and incomplete verification. Existing research has extensively addressed test smells in automated software tests but…

Security code review is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process typically requiring integration with automated security defect detection tools. However, existing security analysis tools struggle with poor generalization, high false…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiaxin Yu , Peng Liang , Yujia Fu , Amjed Tahir , Mojtaba Shahin , Chong Wang , Yangxiao Cai

The ubiquity of smartphones, and their very broad capabilities and usage, make the security of these devices tremendously important. Unfortunately, despite all progress in security and privacy mechanisms, vulnerabilities continue to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Mohammad Ghafari , Pascal Gadient , Oscar Nierstrasz

Issue Tracking Systems (ITSs) enable software developers and managers to collect and resolve issues collaboratively. While researchers have extensively analysed ITS data to automate or assist specific activities such as issue assignments,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Lloyd Montgomery , Clara Lüders , Christian Rahe , Walid Maalej

Large language models (LLMs) are being rapidly integrated into decision-support tools, automation workflows, and AI-enabled software systems. However, their behavior in production environments remains poorly understood, and their failure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Vaishali Vinay

Deep learning (DL) models of code have recently reported great progress for vulnerability detection. In some cases, DL-based models have outperformed static analysis tools. Although many great models have been proposed, we do not yet have a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Benjamin Steenhoek , Md Mahbubur Rahman , Richard Jiles , Wei Le

Context: Technical Debt needs to be managed to avoid disastrous consequences, and investigating developers' habits concerning technical debt management is invaluable information in software development. Objective: This study aims to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Zadia Codabux , Christopher Dutchyn

To reduce technical debt and make code more maintainable, it is important to be able to warn programmers about code smells. State-of-the-art code small detectors use deep learners, without much exploration of alternatives within that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Rahul Yedida , Tim Menzies

Several techniques have been proposed to automate code review. Early support consisted in recommending the most suited reviewer for a given change or in prioritizing the review tasks. With the advent of deep learning in software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Rosalia Tufano , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Ahmad Tayeb , Ozren Dabić , Sonia Haiduc , Gabriele Bavota

Enterprise Architecture Debt (EA Debt) arises from suboptimal design decisions and misaligned components that can degrade an organization's IT landscape over time. Early indicators, Enterprise Architecture Smells (EA Smells), are currently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Christin Pagels , Simon Hacks , Rob Henk Bemthuis

[Context] Technical debt (TD) in machine learning (ML) systems, much like its counterpart in software engineering (SE), holds the potential to lead to future rework, posing risks to productivity, quality, and team morale. Despite growing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Rodrigo Ximenes , Antonio Pedro Santos Alves , Tatiana Escovedo , Rodrigo Spinola , Marcos Kalinowski

Deep Learning (DL) is finding its way into a growing number of mobile software applications. These software applications, named as DL based mobile applications (abbreviated as mobile DL apps) integrate DL models trained using large-scale…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Zhenpeng Chen , Huihan Yao , Yiling Lou , Yanbin Cao , Yuanqiang Liu , Haoyu Wang , Xuanzhe Liu

Context: In the realm of software development, maintaining high software quality is a persistent challenge. However, this challenge is often impeded by the lack of comprehensive understanding of how specific code modifications influence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Thomas Karanikiotis , Andreas L. Symeonidis