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The question of thermalization in quantum many-body systems has long been studied through the properties of matrix elements of operators corresponding to local observables. More recently, the focus has shifted to the dynamics of operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Vijay Ganesh Sadhasivam , Jan M. Rost , Stuart C. Althorpe

F$^{19}$ nuclear magnetic resonance free induction decay (FID) data are used to verify the predictions of a universal growth hypothesis for the Lanczos coefficients proposed by Parker et al. Our results strongly support this hypothesis and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 M. Engelsberg , Wilson Barros

We investigate and characterize the dynamics of operator growth in irrational two-dimensional conformal field theories. By employing the oscillator realization of the Virasoro algebra and CFT states, we systematically implement the Lanczos…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-05 Pawel Caputa , Shouvik Datta

We develop a geometric approach to operator growth and Krylov complexity in many-body quantum systems governed by symmetries. We start by showing a direct link between a unitary evolution with the Liouvillian and the displacement operator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-05 Pawel Caputa , Javier M. Magan , Dimitrios Patramanis

We prove under certain assumptions that there exists a solution of the Schrodinger or the Heisenberg equation of motion generated by a linear operator H acting in some complex Hilbert space H, which may be unbounded, not symmetric, or not…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Shinichiro Futakuchi , Kouta Usui

In semi-classical systems, the exponential growth of the out-of-timeorder correlator (OTOC) is believed to be the hallmark of quantum chaos. However,on several occasions, it has been argued that, even in integrable systems, OTOC can grow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Budhaditya Bhattacharjee , Xiangyu Cao , Pratik Nandy , Tanay Pathak

In a many-body quantum system, local operators in Heisenberg picture $O(t) = e^{i H t} O e^{-i H t}$ spread as time increases. Recent studies have attempted to find features of that spreading which could distinguish between chaotic and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-16 Vincenzo Alba , Jerome Dubail , Marko Medenjak

Neural oscillators that originate from second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have shown competitive performance in learning mappings between dynamic loads and responses of complex nonlinear structural systems. Despite this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zifeng Huang , Konstantin M. Zuev , Yong Xia , Michael Beer

In closed quantum systems, Krylov complexity admits a geometric description; operator growth is equivalent to Hamiltonian flow in an emergent phase space whose structure is fixed by the Lanczos coefficients. We show that this picture…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-23 Arpan Bhattacharyya , S. Shajidul Haque , Jeff Murugan , Mpho Tladi , Hendrik J. R. Van Zyl

Recently, the out-of-time-ordered correlator(OTOC) and Krylov complexity have been studied actively as a measure of operator growth. OTOC is known to exhibit exponential growth in chaotic systems, which was confirmed in many previous works.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Seungjoo Baek

Let $A$ and $B$ be local operators in Hamiltonian quantum systems with $N $ degrees of freedom and finite-dimensional Hilbert space. We prove that the commutator norm $\lVert [A(t),B]\rVert$ is upper bounded by a topological combinatorial…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Chi-Fang Chen , Andrew Lucas

We study the operator growth problem and its complexity in the many-body localization (MBL) system from the Lanczos algorithm perspective. Using the Krylov basis, the operator growth problem can be viewed as a single-particle hopping…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-08-31 Fabian Ballar Trigueros , Cheng-Ju Lin

We show that there are well separated families of quantum expanders with asymptotically the maximal cardinality allowed by a known upper bound. This has applications to the "growth" of certain operator spaces: It implies asymptotically…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2014-12-23 Gilles Pisier

Heisenberg time evolution under a chaotic many-body Hamiltonian $H$ transforms an initially simple operator into an increasingly complex one, as it spreads over Hilbert space. Krylov complexity, or `K-complexity', quantifies this growth…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-30 E. Rabinovici , A. Sánchez-Garrido , R. Shir , J. Sonner

The numerical simulation of quantum many-body dynamics is typically limited by the linear growth of entanglement with time. Recently numerical studies have shown, however, that for 1D Bethe-integrable models the simulation of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-21 Dominik Muth , Razmik G. Unanyan , Michael Fleischhauer

We study the operator growth in open quantum systems with dephasing dissipation terms, extending the Krylov complexity formalism of Phys. Rev. X 9, 041017. Our results are based on the study of the dissipative $q$-body Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Budhaditya Bhattacharjee , Xiangyu Cao , Pratik Nandy , Tanay Pathak

There is an abundance of evidence that some relaxation dynamics, e.g., exponential decays, are much more common in nature than others. Recently, there have been attempts to trace this dominance back to a certain stability of the prevalent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Robin Heveling , Jiaozi Wang , Christian Bartsch , Jochen Gemmer

In the past many papers have appeared which simulated surface growth with different growth models. The results showed that, if models differed only slightly in their `growth' rules, the resulting surfaces may belong to different…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 W. E. Hagston , H. Ketterl

The entanglement in operator space is a well established measure for the complexity of the quantum many-body dynamics. In particular, that of local operators has recently been proposed as dynamical chaos indicator, i.e. as a quantity able…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-29 Bruno Bertini , Pavel Kos , Tomaz Prosen

We consider fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic cooperative systems with quadratic growth in the gradient, such as $$ -F_i(x, u_i, Du_i, D^2 u_i)- \langle M_i(x)D u_i, D u_i \rangle =\lambda c_{i1}(x) u_1 + \cdots + \lambda c_{in}(x) u_n…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-10-09 Gabrielle Nornberg , Delia Schiera , Boyan Sirakov