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Military weapon systems and command-and-control infrastructure augmented by artificial intelligence (AI) have seen rapid development and deployment in recent years. However, the sociotechnical impacts of AI on combat systems, military…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Riley Simmons-Edler , Jean Dong , Paul Lushenko , Kanaka Rajan , Ryan P. Badman

Technical and legal debates frequently suggest that "accuracy" is an objective, measurable, and purely technical property. We challenge this view, showing that evaluating AI performance fundamentally depends on context-dependent normative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lucas G. Uberti-Bona Marin , Bram Rijsbosch , Kristof Meding , Gerasimos Spanakis , Gijs van Dijck , Konrad Kollnig

The authors are concerned about the safety, health, and rights of the European citizens due to inadequate measures and procedures required by the current draft of the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act for the conformity assessment of AI…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-05 Bernhard Nessler , Thomas Doms , Sepp Hochreiter

Ensuring data quality in machine learning (ML) systems has become increasingly complex as regulatory requirements expand. In the European Union (EU), frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Artificial…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yichun Wang , Kristina Irion , Paul Groth , Hazar Harmouch

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been advancing at a fast pace and it is now poised for deployment in a wide range of applications, such as autonomous systems, medical diagnosis and natural language processing. Early adoption of AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Marta Kwiatkowska , Xiyue Zhang

This paper reviews and proposes concerns in adopting, fielding, and maintaining artificial intelligence (AI) systems. While the AI community has made rapid progress, there are challenges in certifying AI systems. Using procedures from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Erik Blasch , Junchi Bin , Zheng Liu

This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for qualitative risk assessment of AI, particularly in the context of the EU AI Act. The framework addresses the complexities of legal compliance and fundamental rights protection by itegrating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Antonino Rotolo , Beatrice Ferrigno , Jose Miguel Angel Garcia Godinez , Claudio Novelli , Giovanni Sartor

The use of automation in digital forensic investigations is not only a technological issue, but also has political and social implications. This work discusses some challenges with the implementation and acceptance of automation in digital…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-03-20 Joshua I. James , Pavel Gladyshev

According to a recent EUROPOL report, cybercrime is still recurrent in Europe, and different activities and countermeasures must be taken to limit, prevent, detect, analyze, and fight it. Cybercrime must be prevented with specific measures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Silvia Lucia Sanna , Leonardo Regano , Davide Maiorca , Giorgio Giacinto

Remarkable success of modern image-based AI methods and the resulting interest in their applications in critical decision-making processes has led to a surge in efforts to make such intelligent systems transparent and explainable. The need…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Adriano Lucieri , Muhammad Naseer Bajwa , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

This study discusses the interplay between metrics used to measure the explainability of the AI systems and the proposed EU Artificial Intelligence Act. A standardisation process is ongoing: several entities (e.g. ISO) and scholars are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Francesco Sovrano , Salvatore Sapienza , Monica Palmirani , Fabio Vitali

This paper critically evaluates the European Commission's proposed AI Act's approach to risk management and risk acceptability for high-risk AI systems that pose risks to fundamental rights and safety. The Act aims to promote "trustworthy"…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Henry Fraser , Jose-Miguel Bello y Villarino

Modern software has been an integral part of everyday activities in many disciplines and application contexts. Introducing intelligent automation by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) led to break-throughs in many fields. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sallam Abualhaija , Marcello Ceci , Lionel Briand

In August 2024, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) came into force, marking the world's first large-scale regulatory framework for AI. Central to the AIA is a risk-based approach, aligning regulatory obligations with the potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ronald Schnitzer , Maximilian Hoeving , Sonja Zillner

Credit card fraud is an ongoing problem for almost all industries in the world, and it raises millions of dollars to the global economy each year. Therefore, there is a number of research either completed or proceeding in order to detect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Yusuf Yazici

Advances in computing power, deep learning architectures, and expert labelled datasets have spurred the development of medical imaging artificial intelligence systems that rival clinical experts in a variety of scenarios. The National…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-18 Rohan Shad , John P. Cunningham , Euan A. Ashley , Curtis P. Langlotz , William Hiesinger

Recently, financial institutes have been dealing with an increase in financial crimes. In this context, financial services firms started to improve their vigilance and use new technologies and approaches to identify and predict financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Zeinab Rouhollahi

Computational Law has begun taking the role in society which has been predicted for some time. Automated decision-making and systems which assist users are now used in various jurisdictions, but with this maturity come certain caveats.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Kaspar Rosager Ludvigsen , Shishir Nagaraja , Angela Daly

While image forensics is concerned with whether an image has been tampered with, image anti-forensics attempts to prevent image forensics methods from detecting tampered images. The competition between these two fields started long before…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Eren Tahir , Mert Bal

The cost and complexity of financial crime compliance (FCC) continue to rise, often without measurable improvements in effectiveness. While AI offers potential, most solutions remain opaque and poorly aligned with regulatory expectations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Henrik Axelsen , Valdemar Licht , Jan Damsgaard