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Reasoning in a temporal knowledge graph (TKG) is a critical task for information retrieval and semantic search. It is particularly challenging when the TKG is updated frequently. The model has to adapt to changes in the TKG for efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Jiapeng Wu , Yishi Xu , Yingxue Zhang , Chen Ma , Mark Coates , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) systems are based on machine learning algorithms, requiring thousands of question-answer pairs as training examples or natural language processing pipelines that need module fine-tuning. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Daniel Vollmers , Rricha Jalota , Diego Moussallem , Hardik Topiwala , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo , Ricardo Usbeck

Most algorithms for representation learning and link prediction in relational data have been designed for static data. However, the data they are applied to usually evolves with time, such as friend graphs in social networks or user…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-13 Timothée Lacroix , Guillaume Obozinski , Nicolas Usunier

Facts change over time, making it essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to handle time-sensitive factual knowledge accurately and reliably. Although factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering (TSQA) tasks have been widely developed,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Soyeon Kim , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie , Steven Euijong Whang

Temporal question answering (QA) involves time constraints, with phrases such as "... in 2019" or "... before COVID". In the former, time is an explicit condition, in the latter it is implicit. State-of-the-art methods have limitations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Zhen Jia , Philipp Christmann , Gerhard Weikum

Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering (TKGQA) is challenging because it requires multi-hop reasoning under complex temporal constraints. Recent LLM-based approaches have improved semantic modeling for this task, but many still rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xufei Lv , Jiahui Yang , Haoyuan Sun , Xialin Su , Zhiliang Tian , Yifu Gao , Linbo Qiao , Houde Liu

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) systems have the goal of answering complex natural language questions by reasoning over relevant facts retrieved from Knowledge Bases (KB). One of the major challenges faced by these systems is their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Nithish Kannen , Udit Sharma , Sumit Neelam , Dinesh Khandelwal , Shajith Ikbal , Hima Karanam , L Venkata Subramaniam

Question answering over knowledge bases (KB-QA) poses challenges in handling complex questions that need to be decomposed into sub-questions. An important case, addressed here, is that of temporal questions, where cues for temporal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Zhen Jia , Abdalghani Abujabal , Rishiraj Saha Roy , Jannik Stroetgen , Gerhard Weikum

Question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA) has evolved from simple single-fact questions to complex questions that require graph traversal and aggregation. We propose a novel approach for complex KGQA that uses unsupervised message…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Svitlana Vakulenko , Javier David Fernandez Garcia , Axel Polleres , Maarten de Rijke , Michael Cochez

Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) aims to predict future facts based on given history. One of the key challenges for prediction is to learn the evolution of facts. Most existing works focus on exploring evolutionary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yuwei Xia , Mengqi Zhang , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Xiao-Yu Zhang

Knowledge Graph (KG) reasoning that predicts missing facts for incomplete KGs has been widely explored. However, reasoning over Temporal KG (TKG) that predicts facts in the future is still far from resolved. The key to predict future facts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Zixuan Li , Xiaolong Jin , Wei Li , Saiping Guan , Jiafeng Guo , Huawei Shen , Yuanzhuo Wang , Xueqi Cheng

Multivariate time series data typically comprises two distinct modalities: variable semantics and sampled numerical observations. Traditional time series models treat variables as anonymous statistical signals, overlooking the rich semantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yifei Sun , Junming Liu , Yirong Chen , Xuefeng Yan , Ding Wang

Temporal Knowledge graph completion (TKGC) is a crucial task that involves reasoning at known timestamps to complete the missing part of facts and has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Most existing methods focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wenjie Xu , Ben Liu , Miao Peng , Xu Jia , Min Peng

Most existing Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) approaches are designed for a specific KG, such as Wikidata, DBpedia or Freebase. Due to the heterogeneity of the underlying graph schema, topology and assertions, most KGQA systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Longquan Jiang , Junbo Huang , Cedric Möller , Ricardo Usbeck

Who is the US President? The answer changes depending on when the question is asked. While large language models (LLMs) are evaluated on various reasoning tasks, they often miss a crucial dimension: time. In real-world scenarios, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 David Herel , Vojtech Bartek , Jiri Jirak , Tomas Mikolov

Many models that leverage knowledge graphs (KGs) have recently demonstrated remarkable success in question answering (QA) tasks. In the real world, many facts contained in KGs are time-constrained thus temporal KGQA has received increasing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Chao Xue , Di Liang , Pengfei Wang , Jing Zhang

In the last few years, there has been a surge of interest in learning representations of entitiesand relations in knowledge graph (KG). However, the recent availability of temporal knowledgegraphs (TKGs) that contain time information for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Chengjin Xu , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Fouad Alkhoury , Hamed Shariat Yazdi , Jens Lehmann

Recent years, Knowledge Graph Embeddings (KGEs) have shown promising performance on link prediction tasks by mapping the entities and relations from a Knowledge Graph (KG) into a geometric space and thus have gained increasing attentions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Chengjin Xu , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Yung-Yu Chen , Jens Lehmann

Reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is fundamental to improving the efficiency and reliability of intelligent decision-making systems and has become a key technological foundation for future artificial intelligence applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Wang Xing , Wei Song , Siyu Lin , Chen Wu , Zhesi Li , Man Wang

Most knowledge graph completion (KGC) methods learn latent representations of entities and relations of a given graph by mapping them into a vector space. Although the majority of these methods focus on static knowledge graphs, a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Duygu Sezen Islakoglu , Mel Chekol , Yannis Velegrakis