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We consider a discrete stochastic process, indexed by lines through the unit disk in the plane, which models the observed photon counts in a medical X-ray tomography scan. We first prove a functional law of large numbers, showing that this…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Tyler Gomez , Jason Swanson , Alexandru Tamasan

In this article, we quantify the functional convergence of the rescaled random walk with heavy tails to a stable process.This generalizes the Generalized Central Limit Theorem for stable random variables infinite dimension. We show that…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Lorick Huang , Laurent Decreusefond , Laure Coutin

Classical probability theory supports probability measures, assigning a fixed positive real value to each event, these measures are far from satisfactory in formulating real-life occurrences. The main innovation of this paper is the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-02-09 Yehuda Izhakian , Zur Izhakian

We consider estimating the shared mean of a sequence of heavy-tailed random variables taking values in a Banach space. In particular, we revisit and extend a simple truncation-based mean estimator first proposed by Catoni and Giulini. While…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Justin Whitehouse , Ben Chugg , Diego Martinez-Taboada , Aaditya Ramdas

We give conditions under which the normalized marginal distribution of a semimartingale converges to a Gaussian limit law as time tends to zero. In particular, our result is applicable to solutions of stochastic differential equations with…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-22 Stefan Gerhold , Max Kleinert , Piet Porkert , Mykhaylo Shkolnikov

Bayesian inference requires specification of a single, precise prior distribution, whereas frequentist inference only accommodates a vacuous prior. Since virtually every real-world application falls somewhere in between these two extremes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-26 Ryan Martin

We develop a general framework for conducting inference on the mean of dependent random variables given constraints on their dependency graph. We establish the consistency of an oracle variance estimator of the mean when the dependency…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Peter M. Aronow , Forrest W. Crawford , José R. Zubizarreta

This is a note on some results of the central limit theorem for deterministic dynamical systems. First, we give the central limit theorem for martingales, which is a main tool. Then we give the main results on the central limit theorem in…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-10 Yuwen Wang

This paper establishes a central limit theorem and an invariance principle for a wide class of stationary random fields under natural and easily verifiable conditions. More precisely, we deal with random fields of the form $X_k =…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-13 Mohamed El Machkouri , Dalibor Volny , Wei Biao Wu

The central limit theorem provides the theoretical foundation for the universality of the normal distribution: under broad conditions, the asymptotic distribution of a sum of independent random variables approaches a Gaussian. Yet, physical…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2026-03-26 Mario Castro , José A. Cuesta

We establish a central limit theorem for the sum of $\epsilon$-independent random variables, extending both the classical and free probability setting. Central to our approach is the use of graphon limits to characterize the limiting…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Guillaume Cébron , Patrick Oliveira Santos , Pierre Youssef

We discuss in detail the asymptotic distribution of sample expectiles. First, we show uniform consistency under the assumption of a finite mean. In case of a finite second moment, we show that for expectiles other then the mean, only the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-14 Hajo Holzmann , Bernhard Klar

We consider the problem of deriving uniform confidence bands for the mean of a monotonic stochastic process, such as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a random variable, based on a sequence of i.i.d.~observations. Our approach…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Eugenio Clerico , Hamish E Flynn , Patrick Rebeschini

This is an expository review paper elaborating on the proof of the martingale functional central limit theorem (FCLT). This paper also reviews tightness and stochastic boundedness, highlighting one-dimensional criteria for tightness used in…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-12-27 Ward Whitt

We study the infinite urn scheme when the balls are sequentially distributed over an infinite number of urns labelled 1,2,... so that the urn $j$ at every draw gets a ball with probability $p_j$, $\sum_j p_j=1$. We prove functional central…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-28 Mikhail Chebunin , Sergei Zuyev

We study the problem of nonparametric estimation of the fractional derivative of unknown distribution function and of spectral function and show that these problems are well posed when the order of derivative is less than 0.5. We prove also…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-23 E. Ostrovsky , L. Sirota

This article proposes a novel test for the martingale difference hypothesis based on the martingale difference divergence function, a recently developed dependence measure suitable for measuring the degree of conditional mean dependence of…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-10 Luca Mattia Rolla

In this paper we survey and further study partial sums of a stationary process via approximation with a martingale with stationary differences. Such an approximation is useful for transferring from the martingale to the original process the…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-05-24 Magda Peligrad

We introduce the notion of a Young generating function for a probability measure on integer partitions. We use this object to characterize probability distributions over integer partitions satisfying a law of large numbers and those that…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Gabriel Raposo

Inferential models have been proposed for valid and efficient prior-free probabilistic inference. As it gradually gained popularity, this theory is subject to further developments for practically challenging problems. This paper considers…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-15 Jiasen Yang , Xiao Wang , Chuanhai Liu