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The substantial memory demands of pre-training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) require memory-efficient optimization algorithms. One promising approach is layer-wise optimization, which treats each transformer block as a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yuxi Liu , Renjia Deng , Yutong He , Xue Wang , Tao Yao , Kun Yuan

We tackle the challenge of building embodied AI agents that can reliably solve long-horizon planning problems. Imitation learning from demonstrations has shown itself to be effective in training robots to solve a diversity of complex tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Dillon Z. Chen , Till Hofmann , Toryn Q. Klassen , Sheila A. McIlraith

Language plays a critical role in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, yet the linguistic characteristics of the datasets used to train and evaluate these systems remain poorly documented. In this work, we present a systematic dataset audit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Selma Wanna , Agnes Luhtaru , Jonathan Salfity , Ryan Barron , Juston Moore , Cynthia Matuszek , Mitch Pryor

Imitating skills from low-quality datasets, such as sub-optimal demonstrations and observations with distractors, is common in real-world applications. In this work, we focus on the problem of Learning from Noisy Demonstrations (LND), where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Kaichen Huang , Hai-Hang Sun , Shenghua Wan , Minghao Shao , Shuai Feng , Le Gan , De-Chuan Zhan

While imitation learning (IL) has achieved impressive success in dexterous manipulation through generative modeling and pretraining, state-of-the-art approaches like Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models still struggle with adaptation to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Renming Huang , Chendong Zeng , Wenjing Tang , Jintian Cai , Cewu Lu , Panpan Cai

Sequence data is challenging for machine learning approaches, because the lengths of the sequences may vary between samples. In this paper, we present an unsupervised learning model for sequence data, called the Integrated Sequence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Wenjie Pei , David M. J. Tax

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are promising for generalist robot manipulation but remain brittle in out-of-distribution (OOD) settings, especially with limited real-robot data. To resolve the generalization bottleneck, we introduce a…

Intelligent agents can learn to represent the action spaces of other agents simply by observing them act. Such representations help agents quickly learn to predict the effects of their own actions on the environment and to plan complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Oleh Rybkin , Karl Pertsch , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Kostas Daniilidis , Andrew Jaegle

Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Recent work has shown that augmenting environments with language descriptions improves policy learning. However, for environments with complex language abstractions, learning how to ground language to observations is difficult due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Victor Zhong , Jesse Mu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models leverage pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) to couple perception with robotic control, offering a promising path toward general-purpose embodied intelligence. However, current SOTA VLAs are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yandu Chen , Kefan Gu , Yuqing Wen , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Liqiang Nie

Large scale neural models show impressive performance across a wide array of linguistic tasks. Despite this they remain, largely, black-boxes - inducing vector-representations of their input that prove difficult to interpret. This limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Henry Conklin , Kenny Smith

Imitation learning has achieved great success in many sequential decision-making tasks, in which a neural agent is learned by imitating collected human demonstrations. However, existing algorithms typically require a large number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Tianxiang Zhao , Wenchao Yu , Suhang Wang , Lu Wang , Xiang Zhang , Yuncong Chen , Yanchi Liu , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen

Imitation learning is a proven method for creating a policy in the absence of rewards, by leveraging expert demonstrations. In this work, we apply imitation learning to conversation. In doing so, we recover a policy capable of talking to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Noah Kasmanoff , Rahul Zalkikar

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can enable agents to learn complex tasks. However, it is difficult to interpret the knowledge and reuse it across tasks. Inductive biases can address such issues by explicitly providing generic yet useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Thomas Schnürer , Malte Probst , Horst-Michael Gross

Prompt learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for adapting vision-language models such as CLIP to downstream tasks. However, existing methods often overfit to seen data, leading to significant performance degradation when generalizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Niloufar Alipour Talemi , Hossein Kashiani , Hossein R. Nowdeh , Fatemeh Afghah

We introduce Compositional Imitation Learning and Execution (CompILE): a framework for learning reusable, variable-length segments of hierarchically-structured behavior from demonstration data. CompILE uses a novel unsupervised,…

We present a hierarchical planning and control framework that enables an agent to perform various tasks and adapt to a new task flexibly. Rather than learning an individual policy for each particular task, the proposed framework, DISH,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Jung-Su Ha , Young-Jin Park , Hyeok-Joo Chae , Soon-Seo Park , Han-Lim Choi

The goal of imitation learning is to mimic expert behavior without access to an explicit reward signal. Expert demonstrations provided by humans, however, often show significant variability due to latent factors that are typically not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Yunzhu Li , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Humans learn compositional and causal abstraction, \ie, knowledge, in response to the structure of naturalistic tasks. When presented with a problem-solving task involving some objects, toddlers would first interact with these objects to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Sirui Xie , Xiaojian Ma , Peiyu Yu , Yixin Zhu , Ying Nian Wu , Song-Chun Zhu
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