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Spoken language understanding (SLU) topic has seen a lot of progress these last three years, with the emergence of end-to-end neural approaches. Spoken language understanding refers to natural language processing tasks related to semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Sahar Ghannay , Antoine Caubrière , Salima Mdhaffar , Gaëlle Laperrière , Bassam Jabaian , Yannick Estève

End-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU) remains elusive even with current large pretrained language models on text and speech, especially in multilingual cases. Machine translation has been established as a powerful pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mutian He , Philip N. Garner

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have recently demonstrated superior performance over the traditional hybrid ASR models. Training an E2E ASR model requires a large amount of data which is not only expensive but may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Amin Fazel , Wei Yang , Yulan Liu , Roberto Barra-Chicote , Yixiong Meng , Roland Maas , Jasha Droppo

The growing population of L2 English speakers has increased the demand for developing automatic graders for spoken language assessment (SLA). Historically, statistical models, text encoders, and self-supervised speech models have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Rao Ma , Mengjie Qian , Siyuan Tang , Stefano Bannò , Kate M. Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

End-to-end (E2E) systems have played a more and more important role in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and achieved great performance. However, E2E systems recognize output word sequences directly with the input acoustic feature, which…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Qi Liu , Zhehuai Chen , Hao Li , Mingkun Huang , Yizhou Lu , Kai Yu

Although end-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) models such as Tacotron have shown excellent results, they typically require a sizable set of high-quality <text, audio> pairs for training, which are expensive to collect. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Yu-An Chung , Yuxuan Wang , Wei-Ning Hsu , Yu Zhang , RJ Skerry-Ryan

Recent works showed that end-to-end neural approaches tend to become very popular for spoken language understanding (SLU). Through the term end-to-end, one considers the use of a single model optimized to extract semantic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Salima Mdhaffar , Jarod Duret , Titouan Parcollet , Yannick Estève

Recent works have shown that modelling raw waveform directly from text in an end-to-end (E2E) fashion produces more natural-sounding speech than traditional neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems based on a cascade or two-stage approach.…

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) models suffer from data scarcity issues as there exists little parallel S2ST data, compared to the amount of data available for conventional cascaded systems that consist of automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Sravya Popuri , Peng-Jen Chen , Changhan Wang , Juan Pino , Yossi Adi , Jiatao Gu , Wei-Ning Hsu , Ann Lee

Attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have achieved promising performance in speech recognition. However, because of the end-to-end training, an AED model is usually trained with speech-text paired data. It is challenging to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-17 Ye Bai , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao , Zhengqi Wen , Zhengkun Tian , Shuai Zhang

In this paper, we focus on improving the performance of the text-dependent speaker verification system in the scenario of limited training data. The speaker verification system deep learning based text-dependent generally needs a large…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Xiaoyi Qin , Yaogen Yang , Lin Yang , Xuyang Wang , Junjie Wang , Ming Li

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) plays a crucial role in speech-centric multimedia applications, enabling machines to comprehend spoken language in scenarios such as meetings, interviews, and customer service interactions. SLU…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Zhichao Sheng , Shilin Zhou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Learning intents and slot labels from user utterances is a fundamental step in all spoken language understanding (SLU) and dialog systems. State-of-the-art neural network based methods, after deployment, often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Avik Ray , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

End-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU) systems are gaining popularity over cascaded approaches due to their simplicity and ability to avoid error propagation. However, these systems model sequence labeling as a sequence prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Siddhant Arora , Siddharth Dalmia , Brian Yan , Florian Metze , Alan W Black , Shinji Watanabe

End-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) has shown great success on large quantities of paired text plus speech data. However, laborious data collection remains difficult for at least 95% of the languages over the world, which hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Tao Tu , Yuan-Jui Chen , Cheng-chieh Yeh , Hung-yi Lee

Detecting medical conditions from speech acoustics is fundamentally a weakly-supervised learning problem: a single, often noisy, session-level label must be linked to nuanced patterns within a long, complex audio recording. This task is…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xingyuan Li , Mengyue Wu

In this paper, we perform an exhaustive evaluation of different representations to address the intent classification problem in a Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) setup. We benchmark three types of systems to perform the SLU intent…

Automatic Speech Understanding (ASU) leverages the power of deep learning models for accurate interpretation of human speech, leading to a wide range of speech applications that enrich the human experience. However, training a robust ASU…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Tiantian Feng , Digbalay Bose , Xuan Shi , Shrikanth Narayanan

While recent neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems perform remarkably well, they typically require a substantial amount of recordings from the target speaker reading in the desired speaking style. In this work, we present a novel 3-step…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-03 Goeric Huybrechts , Thomas Merritt , Giulia Comini , Bartek Perz , Raahil Shah , Jaime Lorenzo-Trueba

End-to-end speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) without relying on intermediate text representations is a rapidly emerging frontier of research. Recent works have demonstrated that the performance of such direct S2ST systems is approaching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Ye Jia , Yifan Ding , Ankur Bapna , Colin Cherry , Yu Zhang , Alexis Conneau , Nobuyuki Morioka
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