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Performing automatic reformulations of a user's query is a popular paradigm used in information retrieval (IR) for improving effectiveness -- as exemplified by the pseudo-relevance feedback approaches, which expand the query in order to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Xiao Wang , Sean MacAvaney , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

In dense retrieval, embedding long texts into dense vectors can result in information loss, leading to inaccurate query-text matching. Additionally, low-quality texts with excessive noise or sparse key information are unlikely to align well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongming Tan , Shaoxiong Zhan , Hai Lin , Hai-Tao Zheng , Wai Kin Chan

Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has become fundamental to modern AI infrastructure, powering recommendation systems, search engines, and large language models across industry leaders from Google to OpenAI. Hierarchical Navigable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ganap Ashit Tewary , Nrusinga Charan Gantayat , Jeff Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for language models significantly improves language understanding systems. The basic retrieval-then-read pipeline of response generation has evolved into a more extended process due to the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yunxiao Shi , Xing Zi , Zijing Shi , Haimin Zhang , Qiang Wu , Min Xu

Entity alignment(EA) is a crucial task for integrating cross-lingual and cross-domain knowledge graphs(KGs), which aims to discover entities referring to the same real-world object from different KGs. Most existing methods generate aligning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Zhishuo Zhang , Chengxiang Tan , Haihang Wang , Xueyan Zhao , Min Yang

This technical report details a novel approach to combining reasoning and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) within a single, lean language model architecture. While existing RAG systems typically rely on large-scale models and external…

Multilingual e-commerce search is challenging due to linguistic diversity and the noise inherent in user-generated queries. This paper documents the solution employed by our team (EAR-MP) for the CIKM 2025 AnalytiCup, which addresses two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-03 JaeEun Lim , Soomin Kim , Jaeyong Seo , Iori Ono , Qimu Ran , Jae-woong Lee

Entity Resolution (ER) in voice assistants is a prime component during run time that resolves entities in users request to real world entities. ER involves two major functionalities 1. Relevance generation and 2. Ranking. In this paper we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Venkat Varada , Mina Ghashami , Jitesh Mehta , Haotian Jiang , Kurtis Voris

Although end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E ASR) has achieved great performance in tasks that have numerous paired data, it is still challenging to make E2E ASR robust against noisy and low-resource conditions. In this study, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Emiru Tsunoo , Kentaro Shibata , Chaitanya Narisetty , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Shinji Watanabe

Semantic caching enhances the efficiency of large language model (LLM) systems by identifying semantically similar queries, storing responses once, and serving them for subsequent equivalent requests. However, existing semantic caching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shervin Ghaffari , Zohre Bahranifard , Mohammad Akbari

Query Auto-Completion (QAC) is a widely used feature in many domains, including web and eCommerce search, suggesting full queries based on a prefix typed by the user. QAC has been extensively studied in the literature in the recent years,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Manojkumar Rangasamy Kannadasan , Grigor Aslanyan

Query-to-bidword(i.e., bidding keyword) rewriting is fundamental to sponsored search, transforming noisy user queries into semantically relevant and commercially valuable keywords. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiao Zhang , Guanyu Chen , Boyang Zuo , Feng Li , Pengjie Wang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Contextual word representations, typically trained on unstructured, unlabeled text, do not contain any explicit grounding to real world entities and are often unable to remember facts about those entities. We propose a general method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Matthew E. Peters , Mark Neumann , Robert L. Logan , Roy Schwartz , Vidur Joshi , Sameer Singh , Noah A. Smith

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a critical task in natural language processing, yet it remains particularly challenging for discontinuous entities. The primary difficulty lies in text segmentation, as traditional methods often missegment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Wen-Fang Su , Hsiao-Wei Chou , Wen-Yang Lin

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a key element in new services that helps users to interact with an automated system. Deep learning methods have made it possible to deploy systems with word error rates below 5% for ASR of English.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Rodolfo Zevallos , Nuria Bel , Guillermo Cámbara , Mireia Farrús , Jordi Luque

Effective Question Answering (QA) on large biomedical document collections requires effective document retrieval techniques. The latter remains a challenging task due to the domain-specific vocabulary and semantic ambiguity in user queries.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zabir Al Nazi , Vagelis Hristidis , Aaron Lawson McLean , Jannat Ara Meem , Md Taukir Azam Chowdhury

Query expansion is a method for alleviating the vocabulary mismatch problem present in information retrieval tasks. Previous works have shown that terms selected for query expansion by traditional methods such as pseudo-relevance feedback…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Ayyoob Imani , Amir Vakili , Ali Montazer , Azadeh Shakery

A key challenge in attribute value extraction (AVE) from e-commerce sites is how to handle a large number of attributes for diverse products. Although this challenge is partially addressed by a question answering (QA) approach which finds a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Keiji Shinzato , Naoki Yoshinaga , Yandi Xia , Wei-Te Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which incorporate the non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into LLMs, have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy in several tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Reasoning ability has become a defining capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) emerging as a key paradigm to enhance it. However, RLVR training often suffers from policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xiaoyun Zhang , Xiaojian Yuan , Di Huang , Wang You , Chen Hu , Jingqing Ruan , Ai Jian , Kejiang Chen , Xing Hu