English
Related papers

Related papers: Factors of composite $4n^2 +1$ using Fermat's fact…

200 papers

Let $k$ be a positive integer and $S_{2k}={\tt x}+{\tt x}^4+...+{\tt x}^{4^{2k-1}}\in\Bbb F_2[{\tt x}]$. It was recently conjectured that ${\tt x}+S_{2k}^{4^{2k}}+S_{2k}^{4^k+3}$ is a permutation polynomial of $\Bbb F_{4^{3k}}$. In this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Xiang-dong Hou

In Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, Gauss studied binary quadratic forms and introduced a very general version of a composition operator that allows composing even forms of different discriminants and imprimitive forms. Section V of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-04-01 Monica Celis , Paulo Almeida

In this paper we use the equivariant version of factorization homology constructed using the parametrized higher category theory and show that it can be used to describe the results used in the series of papers.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Aleksandar Miladinović

A discrete map based on the sum of an integer's distinct primes factors and the sum of its other factors is defined and its iteration is studied.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-24 Kyle Kawagoe , Greg Huber

A sharp bound is obtained for the number of ways to express the monomial $X^n$ as a product of linear factors over $\mathbb{Z}/p^{\alpha}\mathbb{Z}$. The proof relies on an induction-on-scale procedure which is used to estimate the number…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-16 Jonathan Hickman , James Wright

Computer algebra systems are really good at factoring polynomials, i.e. writing f as a product of irreducible factors. It is relatively easy to verify that we have a factorisation, but verifying that these factors are irreducible is a much…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-09-17 James H. Davenport

We study the spin factor problem both in $3+1$ and $2+1$ dimensions which are essentially different for spin factor construction. Doing all Grassmann integrations in the corresponding path integral representations for Dirac propagator we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 D. M. Gitman , S. I. Zlatev

We establish a necessary condition for pseudoprimality and a sufficient condition for primality of Fermat numbers, based on a congruence involving the exponent $(F_n-1)/4$. Moreover, in connection with P\'epin's primality test, we obtain a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Paolo Starni

A concise discussion of spin-1/2 field equations with a special focus on Majorana spinors is presented. The Majorana formalism which describes massive neutral fermions by the help of two-component or four-component spinors is of fundamental…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-10-28 Andreas Aste

Prime factorization (P = M*N) is considered to be a promising application in quantum computations. We perform 4-bit factorization in experiments using a superconducting flux qubit toward quantum annealing. Our proposed method uses a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Daisuke Saida , Mutsuo Hidaka , Yuki Yamanashi

We introduce the notion of the descent set polynomial as an alternative way of encoding the sizes of descent classes of permutations. Descent set polynomials exhibit interesting factorization patterns. We explore the question of when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-30 Denis Chebikin , Richard Ehrenborg , Pavlo Pylyavskyy , Margaret Readdy

In this paper we describe a deep learning--based probabilistic algorithm for integer factorisation. We use Lawrence's extension of Fermat's factorisation algorithm to reduce the integer factorisation problem to a binary classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Sam Blake

In this study, we introduce the concept of commutative quaternions and commutative quaternion matrices. Firstly, we give some properties of commutative quaternions and their Hamilton matrices. After that we investigate commutative…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-11-26 Hidayet Hüda Kösal , Murat Tosun

An alternative form of Fermats equation[1] is proposed. It represents a portion of the identity that includes three terms of Fermats original equation. This alternative form permits an elementary and compact proof of the first case of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-09-26 Anatoly A. Grinberg

We consider integrals of type $\int_{O_n}u_{11}^{a_1}... u_{1n}^{a_n}u_{21}^{b_1}... u_{2n}^{b_n} du$, with respect to the Haar measure on the orthogonal group. We establish several remarkable invariance properties satisfied by such…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-02-27 Teodor Banica , Benoit Collins , Jean-Marc Schlenker

We show that Wilson's theorem as well as the Wilson quotient can be described by supercongruences modulo any higher prime power involving terms of power sums of Fermat quotients. The new approach uses Bell polynomials and Newton's…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Bernd C. Kellner

We define an almost periodic extension of the Wiener algebras in the quaternionic setting and prove a Wiener-Levy type theorem for it, as well as extending the theorem to the matrix-valued case. We prove a Wiener-Hopf factorization theorem…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2016-12-23 Yonatan Shelah

The main assumption of the model is that in soft processes mesons behave like systems made of valence quarks and an effective vacuum- like field. The 4-momentum of the latter represents the relativistic generalization of the potential…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Micu

Let $f(x)\in \mathbb{F}_q[x]$ be an irreducible polynomial of degree $m$ and exponent $e$, and $n$ be a positive integer such that $\nu_p(q-1)\ge \nu_{p}(e)+\nu_p(n)$ for all $p$ prime divisor of $n$. We show a fast algorithm to determine…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-01 F. E. Brochero Martínez , Lucas Reis

Using the notion of the composita, we obtain a method of solving iterative functional equations of the form $A^{2^n}(x)=F(x)$, where $F(x)=\sum_{n>0} f(n)x^n$, $f(1)\neq 0$. We prove that if $F(x)=\sum_{n>0} f(n)x^n$ has integer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Dmitry Kruchinin , Vladimir Kruchinin