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Recently, there are more and more organizations offering quantum-cloud services, where any client can access a quantum computer remotely through the internet. In the near future, these cloud servers may claim to offer quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-20 Xi Chen , Bin Cheng , Zhaokai Li , Xinfang Nie , Nengkun Yu , Man-Hong Yung , Xinhua Peng

The traditional way for a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) user to join a quantum network is by authenticating themselves using pre-shared key material. While this approach is sufficient for small-scale networks, it becomes impractical as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Juan Antonio Vieira Giestinhas , Timothy Spiller

The commodity-based cryptography is an alternative approach to realize conventionally impossible cryptographic primitives such as unconditionally secure bit-commitment by consuming pre-established correlation between distrustful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Seok Hyung Lie , Hyukjoon Kwon , M. S Kim , Hyunseok Jeong

Numerical security proofs offer a versatile approach for evaluating the secret-key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. However, existing methods typically require perfect source characterization, which is…

We establish fundamental and general techniques for formal verification of quantum protocols. Quantum protocols are novel communication schemes involving the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena for representation, storage and transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou

We propose a new coherent state quantum key distribution protocol that eliminates the need to randomly switch between measurement bases. This protocol provides significantly higher secret key rates with increased bandwidths than previous…

This work explores the performance and scalability of a hierarchical certificate authority framework with automated certificate issuance employing post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) signature algorithms. The system is designed for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Antonia Tsili , Konstantinos Kordolaimis , Konstantinos Krilakis , Dimitris Syvridis

We construct a classically verifiable succinct interactive argument for quantum computation (BQP) with communication complexity and verifier runtime that are poly-logarithmic in the runtime of the BQP computation (and polynomial in the…

Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs), which serve as the root of trust in secure systems, are secure crypto-processors that carry out cryptographic primitives. Should large-scale quantum computing become a reality, the cryptographic primitives…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Luís Fiolhais , Leonel Sousa

The emergence of large-scale quantum computing threatens widely deployed public-key cryptographic systems, creating an urgent need for enterprise-level methods to assess post-quantum (PQ) readiness. While PQ standards are under development,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Rasmus Erlemann , Charles Colyer Morris , Sanjyot Sathe

It is well-known that digital signatures can be constructed from one-way functions in a black-box way. While one-way functions are essentially the minimal assumption in classical cryptography, this is not the case in the quantum setting. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Andrea Coladangelo , Saachi Mutreja

Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) readiness is increasingly constrained not by algorithm availability, but by cryptographic visibility, dependency complexity, and fragmented governance. This paper presents an anonymised case study of a large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jelena Zelenovic , Leila Taghizadeh , Edoardo Pena-Gonzalez , Jaime Gomez Garcia , Bart Preneel

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a provably secure way for two distant parties to establish a common secret key, which then can be used in a classical cryptographic scheme. Using quantum entanglement, one can reduce the necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-10 E. A. Aguilar , R. Ramanathan , J. Kofler , M. Pawlowski

Recently, there has been a remarkable amount of research being done in both, the fields of Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT). Blockchain technology synergises well with IoT, solving key problems such as privacy, concerns with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Kinshuk Dua

Secret sharing is a fundamental primitive in cryptography, and it can be achieved even with perfect security. However, the distribution of shares requires computational assumptions, which can compromise the overall security of the protocol.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Alex B. Grilo , Lucas Hanouz , Anne Marin

In recent years, the advancement of quantum computing technology has posed potential security threats to RSA cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Abel C. H. Chen

Quantum computing is emerging as a significant threat to information protected by widely used cryptographic systems. Cryptographic methods, once deemed secure for decades, are now at risk of being compromised, posing a massive threat to the…

We propose a wide class of distillation schemes for multi-partite entangled states that are CSS-states. Our proposal provides not only superior efficiency, but also new insights on the connection between CSS-states and bipartite graph…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-04-05 Kai Chen , Hoi-Kwong Lo

A class of quantum protocols of bit commitment is constructed based on the nonorthogonal states coding and the correlation immunity of some Boolean functions. The binding condition of these protocols is guaranteed mainly by the law of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Li Yang , Bao Li

One-shot signatures (OSS) were defined by Amos, Georgiou, Kiayias, and Zhandry (STOC'20). These allow for signing exactly one message, after which the signing key self-destructs, preventing a second message from ever being signed. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Omri Shmueli , Mark Zhandry