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Deep neural network-based image classification can be misled by adversarial examples with small and quasi-imperceptible perturbations. Furthermore, the adversarial examples created on one classification model can also fool another different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Jindong Gu , Hengshuang Zhao , Volker Tresp , Philip Torr

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Qian Huang , Isay Katsman , Horace He , Zeqi Gu , Serge Belongie , Ser-Nam Lim

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Qian Huang , Zeqi Gu , Isay Katsman , Horace He , Pian Pawakapan , Zhiqiu Lin , Serge Belongie , Ser-Nam Lim

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples -- minor perturbations added to a model's input which cause the model to output an incorrect prediction. We introduce a new method for improving the efficacy of adversarial attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chris Miller , Soroush Vosoughi

We consider adversarial attacks to a black-box model when no queries are allowed. In this setting, many methods directly attack surrogate models and transfer the obtained adversarial examples to fool the target model. Plenty of previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Yunxiao Qin , Yuanhao Xiong , Jinfeng Yi , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Many machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples: inputs that are specially crafted to cause a machine learning model to produce an incorrect output. Adversarial examples that affect one model often affect another model,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Nicolas Papernot , Patrick McDaniel , Ian Goodfellow

Model Merging (MM) has emerged as a promising alternative to multi-task learning, where multiple fine-tuned models are combined, without access to tasks' training data, into a single model that maintains performance across tasks. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ankit Gangwal , Aaryan Ajay Sharma

Adversarial transferability in black-box scenarios presents a unique challenge: while attackers can employ surrogate models to craft adversarial examples, they lack assurance on whether these examples will successfully compromise the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Mosh Levy , Guy Amit , Yuval Elovici , Yisroel Mirsky

Adversarial examples, which are slightly perturbed inputs generated with the aim of fooling a neural network, are known to transfer between models; adversaries which are effective on one model will often fool another. This concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-13 George Adam , Romain Speciel

Model ensemble adversarial attack has become a powerful method for generating transferable adversarial examples that can target even unknown models, but its theoretical foundation remains underexplored. To address this gap, we provide early…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Wei Yao , Zeliang Zhang , Huayi Tang , Yong Liu

A prevailing belief in attack and defense community is that the higher flatness of adversarial examples enables their better cross-model transferability, leading to a growing interest in employing sharpness-aware minimization and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingyuan Fan , Xiaodan Li , Cen Chen , Wenmeng Zhou , Yaliang Li

Adversarial transferability refers to the capacity of adversarial examples generated on the surrogate model to deceive alternate, unexposed victim models. This property eliminates the need for direct access to the victim model during an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Xiaosen Wang , Zhijin Ge , Bohan Liu , Zheng Fang , Fengfan Zhou , Ruixuan Zhang , Shaokang Wang , Yuyang Luo

We design blackbox transfer-based targeted adversarial attacks for an environment where the attacker's source model and the target blackbox model may have disjoint label spaces and training datasets. This scenario significantly differs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nathan Inkawhich , Kevin J Liang , Jingyang Zhang , Huanrui Yang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which can mislead classifiers by adding imperceptible perturbations. An intriguing property of adversarial examples is their good transferability, making black-box attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Yinpeng Dong , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Adversarial examples are maliciously perturbed inputs designed to mislead machine learning (ML) models at test-time. They often transfer: the same adversarial example fools more than one model. In this work, we propose novel methods for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-25 Florian Tramèr , Nicolas Papernot , Ian Goodfellow , Dan Boneh , Patrick McDaniel

State-of-the-art deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, formed by applying small but malicious perturbations to the original inputs. Moreover, the perturbations can \textit{transfer across models}:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-28 Lei Wu , Zhanxing Zhu , Cheng Tai , Weinan E

The transfer-based black-box adversarial attack setting poses the challenge of crafting an adversarial example (AE) on known surrogate models that remain effective against unseen target models. Due to the practical importance of this task,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Meixi Zheng , Kehan Wu , Yanbo Fan , Rui Huang , Baoyuan Wu

Adversarial examples for neural network image classifiers are known to be transferable: examples optimized to be misclassified by a source classifier are often misclassified as well by classifiers with different architectures. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jacob M. Springer , Melanie Mitchell , Garrett T. Kenyon

It is widely recognized that deep learning models lack robustness to adversarial examples. An intriguing property of adversarial examples is that they can transfer across different models, which enables black-box attacks without any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Huanran Chen , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xiao Yang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Transfer-based adversarial attacks can evaluate model robustness in the black-box setting. Several methods have demonstrated impressive untargeted transferability, however, it is still challenging to efficiently produce targeted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Xiao Yang , Yinpeng Dong , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu
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