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Microwave-optical transducers and quantum memories are fundamental components of quantum repeaters, essential for developing a quantum internet in which solid-state quantum computers serve as nodes interconnected by optical fibers for data…

Resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions between cold Rydberg atoms were observed using microwave spectroscopy. Laser-cooled Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap were optically excited to 45d Rydberg states using a pulsed laser. A…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 K. Afrousheh , P. Z. Bohlouli , D. Vagale , A. Mugford , M. Fedorov , J. D. D. Martin

Applicability of Rydberg atoms to quantum computers is examined from experimental point of view. In many theoretical proposals appeared recently, excitation of atoms into highly excited Rydberg states was considered as a way to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Igor I. Ryabtsev , Denis B. Tretyakov , Ilya I. Beterov

The electric fields near the heterogeneous metal/dielectric surface of an atom chip were measured using cold atoms. The atomic sensitivity to electric fields was enhanced by exciting the atoms to Rydberg states that are 10^8 times more…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-11-02 J. D. Carter , O. Cherry , J. D. D. Martin

Although Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing provides key advantages over traditional antenna-based detection, it remains limited by the need for a local oscillator (LO) for low-field and phase resolved detection. In this work, we…

Radio frequencies in the HF and VHF (3 MHz to 300 MHz) bands are challenging for Rydberg atom-based detection schemes, as resonant detection requires exciting the atoms to extremely high energy states. We demonstrate a method for detecting…

Extending optical nonlinearity into the extremely weak light regime is at the heart of quantum optics, since it enables the efficient generation of photonic entanglement and implementation of photonic quantum logic gate. Here, we…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Biao Xu , Gen-Sheng Ye , Yue Chang , Tao Shi , Lin Li

Enhancing interactions between Rydberg atoms is a key challenge in contemporary quantum technologies. Stronger interactions enable faster Rydberg gates in digital processors and larger entangled states in analog simulation. Achieving the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Lukas Palm , Bowen Li , Yiming Cady Feng , Marius Jürgensen , Jon Simon

Optically trapped Rydberg atoms are a suitable platform to explore quantum many-body physics mediated by long-range atom--atom interactions that can be engineered through externally applied light fields. However, this approach is limited to…

Rydberg atomic quantum receivers have been seen as novel radio frequency measurements and the high sensitivity to a large range of frequencies makes it attractive for communications reception. However, their unique physical characteristics…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Hao Wu , Xinyuan Yao , Rui Ni , Chen Gong , Kaibin Huang

Rydberg-atom sensors convert radiofrequency, microwave and terahertz fields into optical signals with SI-traceable calibration, high sensitivity, and broad tunability. This review assesses their potential for space applications by comparing…

Rydberg atomic receivers offer a quantum-native alternative to conventional RF front-ends by directly detecting electromagnetic fields via highly excited atomic states. While their quantum-limited sensitivity and hardware simplicity make…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jiuyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli

Divalent atoms provide excellent means for advancing control in Rydberg atom-based quantum simulation and computing, due to the second optically active valence electron available. Particularly promising in this context are circular Rydberg…

Atoms in highly excited (Rydberg) states have a number of unique properties which make them attractive for applications in quantum information. These are large dipole moments, lifetimes and polarizabilities, as well as strong long-range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 I. I. Ryabtsev , I. I. Beterov , D. B. Tretyakov , V. M. Entin , E. A. Yakshina

Atom-based radio frequency electromagnetic field sensing using atomic Rydberg states is a promising technique that has recently attracted significant interest. Its unique advantages, such as extraordinary bandwidth, self-calibration and…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Katelyn Dixon , Kent Nickerson , Donald W. Booth , James P. Shaffer

We study Rydberg atoms modulated by strong radio-frequency (RF) fields with a frequency of 70 MHz. The Rydberg atoms are prepared in a room temperature cesium cell, and their level structure is probed using electromagnetically induced…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Yuechun Jiao , Zhiwei Yang , Jingkui Li , Georg Raithel , Jianming Zhao , Suotang Jia

We theoretically demonstrate an efficient scheme to build a microwave (MW) assisted optical waveguide in an inhomogeneously broadened vapor medium that is made of active 87 Rb atoms and inactive buffer gas atoms. We exploit the sensitive…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-09 Nawaz Sarif Mallick , Tarak Nath Dey

Enhancing precision sensors for stochastic signals using quantum techniques is a promising emerging field of physics. Estimating a weak stochastic waveform is the core task of many fundamental physics experiments including searches for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 James W. Gardner , Simon A. Haine , Joseph J. Hope , Yanbei Chen , Tuvia Gefen

The coherent interaction of Rydberg helium atoms with microwave fields in a $\lambda/4$ superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator has been exploited to probe the spectral characteristics of an individual resonator mode. This was achieved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 D. M. Walker , A. A. Morgan , S. D. Hogan

We investigate the use of a split-ring resonator (SRR) incorporated with an atomic-vapor cell to improve the sensitivity and the minimal detectable electric (E) field of Rydberg atom-based sensors. In this approach, a sub-wavelength SRR is…