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The four-level heterodyne Rydberg atom receiver has garnered significant attention in microwave detection and communication due to its high sensitivity and phase measurement capabilities. Existing theoretical studies, primarily based on…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Yu Tang , Siyuan Wang , Shuang Ren , Chuang Yang , Hanbin Zhou , Chenxi Lu

The Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQR) are emerging quantum precision sensing platforms designed for receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. It relies on creation of Rydberg atoms from normal atoms by exciting one or more electrons to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Tierui Gong , Aveek Chandra , Chau Yuen , Yong Liang Guan , Rainer Dumke , Chong Meng Samson See , Mérouane Debbah , Lajos Hanzo

With the re-definition of the International System of Units (SI) that occurred in October of 2018, there has recently been a great deal of attention on the development of atom-based sensors for metrology applications. In particular, great…

Rydberg atom-based antennas exploit the quantum properties of highly excited Rydberg atoms, providing unique advantages over classical antennas, such as high sensitivity, broad frequency range, and compact size. Despite the increasing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Shuai S. A. Yuan , Xinyi Y. I. Xu , Jinpeng Yuan , Guoda Xie , Chongwen Huang , Xiaoming Chen , Zhixiang Huang , Wei E. I. Sha

Rydberg atomic quantum receivers have been seen as novel radio frequency measurements and the high sensitivity to a large range of frequencies makes it attractive for communications reception. However, their performance can be significantly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Hao Wu , Xinyuan Yao , Shanchi Wu , Rui Ni , Chen Gong , Kaibin Huang

The advancement of Rydberg atoms in quantum sensing is driving a paradigm shift from classical receivers to atomic receivers. Capitalizing on the extreme sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to external disturbance, atomic receivers can measure…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Kaibin Huang

Rydberg atoms provide a powerful platform for exploring strongly interacting quantum systems, both in free space and in structured electromagnetic environments, with growing applications in quantum technology. Accurately modeling their…

Rydberg sensors offer a unique approach to radio frequency (RF) detection, leveraging the high sensitivity and quantum properties of highly-excited atomic states to achieve performance levels beyond classical technologies. Non-linear…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Luís Felipe Gonçalves , Teng Zhang , Georg Raithel , David A. Anderson

Rydberg atoms exhibit remarkable sensitivity to electromagnetic fields, making them promising candidates for revolutionizing field sensors. Unlike conventional antennas, they neither disturb the measured field nor necessitate intricate…

We propose high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detectors with Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are ultra-sensitive detectors of electric fields. By setting up a constant magnetic field, a weak electric field is generated upon the arrival of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-23 Sugumi Kanno , Jiro Soda , Akira Taniguchi

We demonstrate simultaneous detection of radio-frequency (RF) fields ranging from the very high-frequency (VHF) band (128 MHz) to terahertz frequencies (0.61 THz) using a caesium Rydberg-atom receiver. The RF fields are concurrently applied…

Mode competition in nonequilibrium Rydberg gases enables the exploration of emergent many-body phases. This work leverages this emergent phase for electric field detection at room temperature. Sensitive frequency-resolved electric field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Darmindra Arumugam

A non-resonant microwave dressing field at 38.465 GHz was used to eliminate the static electric dipole moment difference between the $49s_{1/2}$ and $48s_{1/2}$ Rydberg states of $^{87}$Rb in dc fields of approximately 1 V/cm. The reduced…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2013-03-05 L. A. Jones , J. D. Carter , J. D. D. Martin

Microwave receivers using electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms have recently demonstrated improved sensitivities. It is not evident how their state-of-the-art electric field sensitivities compare to those achieved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Gabriel Santamaria-Botello , Shane Verploegh , Eric Bottomley , Zoya Popovic

In this article we describe the basic principles of Rydberg atom-based RF sensing and present the development of atomic pulsed RF detection and RF phase sensing establishing capabilities pertinent to applications in communications and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-12 David Alexander Anderson , Rachel Elizabeth Sapiro , Georg Raithel

Rydberg atom-based electrometry enables traceable electric field measurements with high sensitivity over a large frequency range, from gigahertz to terahertz. Such measurements are particularly useful for the calibration of radio frequency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Santosh Kumar , Haoquan Fan , Harald Kübler , Akbar J. Jahangiri , James P. Shaffer

While Rydberg atoms have shown tremendous potential to serve as accurate and sensitive detectors of microwaves and millimeter waves, their response is generally limited to a single narrow frequency band around a chosen microwave transition.…

Rydberg atomic sensors have been seen as novel radio frequency (RF) measurements and the high sensitivity to a large range of frequencies makes it attractive for communications reception. However, the signal sensing process in Rydberg…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Hao Wu , Xinyuan Yao , Rui Ni , Chen Gong

Rydberg atoms, which possess exceptionally large electric dipole moments, offer a promising route for electric field sensing as well as metrology traceable to the International System of Units (SI); however, current research predominantly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Tianyu Zhou , Haipeng Xie , Xin Wang

Partial discharge originates from microscopic insulation imperfections in high-voltage apparatus and is widely considered a critical marker of incipient deterioration. Conventional partial discharge detection methods are typically…