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Inference on large-language models (LLMs) is constrained by GPU memory capacity. A sudden increase in the number of inference requests to a cloud-hosted LLM can deplete GPU memory, leading to contention between multiple prompts for limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Abhishek Vijaya Kumar , Gianni Antichi , Rachee Singh

With the increasing usage of Machine Learning (ML) in High energy physics (HEP), there is a variety of new analyses with a large spread in compute resource requirements, especially when it comes to GPU resources. For institutes, like the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-05-14 Tim Voigtländer , Manuel Giffels , Günter Quast , Matthias Schnepf , Roger Wolf

Motivated by deep neural network applications, we study the problem of scheduling splittable jobs (e.g., neural network inference tasks) on configurable machines (e.g., multi-instance GPUs). We are given $n$ jobs and a set $C$ of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Matthew Casey , Rajmohan Rajaraman , David Stalfa

The expansion of large language models is increasingly limited by the constrained memory capacity of modern GPUs. To mitigate this, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures activate only a small portion of parameters during inference,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zixu Shen , Kexin Chu , Yifan Zhang , Dawei Xiang , Runxin Wu , Wei Zhang

With the fast development of deep neural networks (DNNs), many real-world applications are adopting multiple models to conduct compound tasks, such as co-running classification, detection, and segmentation models on autonomous vehicles.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Fuxun Yu , Shawn Bray , Di Wang , Longfei Shangguan , Xulong Tang , Chenchen Liu , Xiang Chen

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable proficiency in a range of tasks. Compared to in-house homogeneous GPU clusters, deploying LLMs in cloud environments with diverse types of GPUs is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaozhe Yao , Taiyi Wang , Bin Cui , Ana Klimovic , Eiko Yoneki

Motivated by extreme multi-label classification applications, we consider training deep learning models over sparse data in multi-GPU servers. The variance in the number of non-zero features across training batches and the intrinsic GPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Yujing Ma , Florin Rusu , Kesheng Wu , Alexander Sim

Large Language Models (LLMs) play a critical role in emerging agentic applications, where the timely completion of each entire inference is critical. Meanwhile, agentic LLM inferences are increasingly served on heterogeneous GPUs in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boxiao Du , Boning Huangfu , Yizhou Luo , Chen Chen , Zijun Li , Minchen Yu , Xiaoyi Fan , Minyi Guo

Modern deployment of large language models (LLMs) frequently involves both inference serving and continuous retraining to stay aligned with evolving data and user feedback. Common practices separate these workloads onto distinct servers in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yufei Li , Zexin Li , Yinglun Zhu , Cong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into many online services, yet they remain cost-prohibitive to deploy due to the requirement of expensive GPU instances. Prior work has addressed the high cost of LLM serving by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tyler Griggs , Xiaoxuan Liu , Jiaxiang Yu , Doyoung Kim , Wei-Lin Chiang , Alvin Cheung , Ion Stoica

We are witnessing an increasing trend towardsusing Machine Learning (ML) based prediction systems, span-ning across different application domains, including productrecommendation systems, personal assistant devices, facialrecognition, etc.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Jashwant Raj Gunasekaran , Prashanth Thinakaran , Cyan Subhra Mishra , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir , Chita R. Das

Recommendation systems are of crucial importance for a variety of modern apps and web services, such as news feeds, social networks, e-commerce, search, etc. To achieve peak prediction accuracy, modern recommendation models combine deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yingcan Wei , Matthias Langer , Fan Yu , Minseok Lee , Kingsley Liu , Jerry Shi , Joey Wang

Deploying large language models (LLMs) for online inference is often constrained by limited GPU memory, particularly due to the growing KV cache during auto-regressive decoding. Hybrid GPU-CPU execution has emerged as a promising solution…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiakun Fan , Yanglin Zhang , Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos

The recent advances in LLMs bring a strong demand for efficient system support to improve overall serving efficiency. As LLM inference scales towards multiple GPUs and even multiple compute nodes, various coordination patterns, such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hongyi Jin , Ruihang Lai , Charlie F. Ruan , Yingcheng Wang , Todd C. Mowry , Xupeng Miao , Zhihao Jia , Tianqi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

This paper introduces Helix, a distributed system for high-throughput, low-latency large language model (LLM) serving in heterogeneous GPU clusters. The key idea behind Helix is to formulate inference computation of LLMs over heterogeneous…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yixuan Mei , Yonghao Zhuang , Xupeng Miao , Juncheng Yang , Zhihao Jia , Rashmi Vinayak

As augmented large language models (LLMs) with external tools become increasingly popular in web applications, improving augmented LLM inference serving efficiency and optimizing service-level objectives (SLOs) are critical for enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ying Wang , Zhen Jin , Jiexiong Xu , Wenhai Lin , Yiquan Chen , Wenzhi Chen

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across various tasks, yet their high computational demands pose deployment challenges, especially on consumer-grade hardware. Mixture of Experts (MoE) models provide an efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 En-Ming Huang , Li-Shang Lin , Chun-Yi Lee

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models have emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex reasoning tasks through collaborative intelligence. However, efficiently deploying these systems on serverless GPU platforms…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Guilin Zhang , Wulan Guo , Ziqi Tan