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Gestures are central to human communication, enriching interactions through non-verbal expression. Virtual avatars increasingly use AI-generated gestures to enhance life-likeness, yet evaluations have largely been confined to 2D. Virtual…
The creation of virtual humans increasingly leverages automated synthesis of speech and gestures, enabling expressive, adaptable agents that effectively engage users. However, the independent development of voice and gesture generation…
Emotions are multifaceted phenomena that affect our behaviour, perception, and cognition. Increasing evidence indicates that induction mechanisms play a crucial role in triggering emotions by simulating the sensations required for an…
This paper presents a study of the dynamic coupling between a user and a virtual character during body interaction. Coupling is directly linked with other dimensions, such as co-presence, engagement, and believability, and was measured in…
It has been shown that mere observation of body discontinuity leads to diminished body ownership. However, the impact of body discontinuity has mainly been investigated in conditions where participants observe a collocated static virtual…
Emotions are an integral part of being human, and experiencing a range of emotions is what makes life rich and vibrant. From basic emotions like anger, fear, happiness, and sadness to more complex ones like excitement and grief, emotions…
The absence of physical information during hand-object interaction in a virtual environment diminishes realism and immersion. Kinesthetic haptic feedback has proven effective in delivering realistic object-derived haptic cues, enhancing the…
Virtual reality (VR) introduces sensory perturbations that may impact perception and action. The current study was designed to investigate how immersive VR presented through a head-mounted display (HMD) affects perceived functional body…
Interaction in virtual reality (VR) environments is essential to achieve a pleasant and immersive experience. Most of the currently existing VR applications, lack of robust object grasping and manipulation, which are the cornerstone of…
VEs are typically limited to visual and auditory cues; however, recent results show that multiple sensory modalities increase the immersion. In this study, an experimental protocol is proposed to recreate multiple tactile, in particular…
This preliminary study investigated user experiences in VR horror games, highlighting fear-triggering and gender-based differences in perception. By utilizing a scientifically validated and specially designed questionnaire, we successfully…
Retargeting methods that modify the visual representation of real movements have been widely used to expand the interaction space and create engaging virtual reality experiences. For optimal user experience and performance, it is essential…
As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly embedded in everyday life, the ability of interactive agents to express empathy has become critical for effective human-AI interaction, particularly in emotionally sensitive…
Thermal feedback is critical to a range of Virtual Reality (VR) applications, such as firefighting training or thermal comfort simulation. Previous studies showed that adding congruent thermal feedback positively influences User eXperience…
Virtual reality (VR) is on the edge of getting a mainstream platform for gaming, education and product design. The feeling of being present in the virtual world is influenced by many factors and even more intriguing a single negative…
Interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) based agents can positively influence human behavior and judgment. However, studies to date focus on text-based conversational agents (CA) with limited embodiment, restricting our understanding…
Virtual humans (VH) have been used in Computer Graphics (CG) for many years, and perception studies have been applied to understand how people perceive them. Some studies have already examined how realism impacts the comfort of viewers. In…
The perception of physical objects and miniatures enhances the realism and immersion in VR. This work explores the relationship between haptic feedback from real objects and their visual representations in VR. The study examines how users…
This paper presents an experiment to assess the feasibility of using secondary input data as a method of determining user engagement in immersive virtual reality (VR). The work investigates whether secondary data (biosignals) acquired from…
In virtual reality, it is widely assumed that increased realism in hand-object interactions enhances user immersion and overall experience. However, recent studies challenge this assumption, suggesting that faithfully replicating real-world…