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Split learning (SL) is a new collaborative learning technique that allows participants, e.g. a client and a server, to train machine learning models without the client sharing raw data. In this setting, the client initially applies its part…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Tanveer Khan , Khoa Nguyen , Antonis Michalas

The rapid growth of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices has resulted in significant security risks, particularly the risk of malware attacks on resource-constrained devices. Conventional deep learning methods are impractical due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Siva Sai , Manish Prasad , Animesh Bhargava , Vinay Chamola , Rajkumar Buyya

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is one of the most promising security solutions to emerging Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). Leveled-HE (LHE)-enabled Convolutional Neural Networks (LHECNNs) are proposed to implement MLaaS to avoid large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Qian Lou , Lei Jiang

A sum-product network (SPN) is a graphical model that allows several types of inferences to be drawn efficiently. There are two types of learning for SPNs: Learning the architecture of the model, and learning the parameters. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Ernst Althaus , Mohammad Sadeq Dousti , Stefan Kramer , Nick Johannes Peter Rassau

Due to increasing privacy concerns, neural network (NN) based secure inference (SI) schemes that simultaneously hide the client inputs and server models attract major research interests. While existing works focused on developing secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Song Bian , Weiwen Jiang , Qing Lu , Yiyu Shi , Takashi Sato

Oblivious inference is the task of outsourcing a ML model, like neural-networks, without disclosing critical and sensitive information, like the model's parameters. One of the most prominent solutions for secure oblivious inference is based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Panagiotis Rizomiliotis , Christos Diou , Aikaterini Triakosia , Ilias Kyrannas , Konstantinos Tserpes

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) solutions are gaining widespread popularity. Among these, many rely on homomorphic encryption (HE) that offers confidentiality of the model and the data, but at the cost of large latency and memory…

In the context of prediction-as-a-service, concerns about the privacy of the data and the model have been brought up and tackled via secure inference protocols. These protocols are built up by using single or multiple cryptographic tools…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shuangyi Chen , Ashish Khisti

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows for computation directly on encrypted data and enables privacy-preserving neural inference in the cloud. Prior work has focused on models with dense inputs (e.g., CNNs), with less attention given to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Karthik Garimella , Austin Ebel , Gabrielle De Micheli , Brandon Reagen

Federated learning is a method used in machine learning to allow multiple devices to work together on a model without sharing their private data. Each participant keeps their private data on their system and trains a local model and only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Feiran Yang

Machine learning (ML) is widely used today, especially through deep neural networks (DNNs), however, increasing computational load and resource requirements have led to cloud-based solutions. To address this problem, a new generation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Farzad Nikfam , Raffaele Casaburi , Alberto Marchisio , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are the two popular distributed machine learning (ML) approaches that provide some data privacy protection mechanisms. In the time-series classification problem, many researchers typically use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Lianlian Jiang , Yuexuan Wang , Wenyi Zheng , Chao Jin , Zengxiang Li , Sin G. Teo

In this paper, a secure Convolutional Neural Network classifier is proposed using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). The secure classifier provides a user with the ability to out-source the computations to a powerful cloud server and/or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh

Everyday, large amounts of sensitive data is distributed across mobile phones, wearable devices, and other sensors. Traditionally, these enormous datasets have been processed on a single system, with complex models being trained to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zongshun Zhang , Andrea Pinto , Valeria Turina , Flavio Esposito , Ibrahim Matta

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is an emerging encryption scheme that allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted messages. This property provides promising applications such as privacy-preserving deep learning and cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Yujia Zhai , Mohannad Ibrahim , Yiqin Qiu , Fabian Boemer , Zizhong Chen , Alexey Titov , Alexander Lyashevsky

Currently, deep learning models are easily exposed to data leakage risks. As a distributed model, Split Learning thus emerged as a solution to address this issue. The model is splitted to avoid data uploading to the server and reduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Zhangting Lin , Mingfu Xue , Kewei Chen , Wenmao Liu , Xiang Gao , Leo Yu Zhang , Jian Wang , Yushu Zhang

Annotating the dataset with high-quality labels is crucial for performance of deep network, but in real world scenarios, the labels are often contaminated by noise. To address this, some methods were proposed to automatically split clean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Daehwan Kim , Kwangrok Ryoo , Hansang Cho , Seungryong Kim

With the rapid advancements in machine learning, models have become increasingly capable of learning and making predictions in various industries. However, deploying these models in critical infrastructures presents a major challenge, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zeinab Elkhatib , Ali Sekmen , Kamrul Hasan

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) prevails in securing Federated Learning (FL), but suffers from high overhead and adaptation cost. Selective HE methods, which partially encrypt model parameters by a global mask, are expected to protect privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Borui Li , Li Yan , Junhao Han , Jianmin Liu , Lei Yu

Network embedding aims to learn low-dimensional representations of nodes in a network, while the network structure and inherent properties are preserved. It has attracted tremendous attention recently due to significant progress in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Jie Zhang , Yan Wang , Jie Tang , Ming Ding